 .     
  


                     :    -.  ,    ?     ?    ?       ?         ? ,   ,    ,       .      ,     .





 

 .     



  , 2020

   , 2020


* * *







  ?  ,  ,     .  ?       . ?

      ,       InLiberty,          .      :    ,  .      :         (,   ),  ,     .   ,    ,         .

    ,         ,       :   ,   ,   ,        -.          . ,     ,      :     ?       ?

            ,   :        ?     ?              .  ,  ,       ,    ,    .

      .  2020 ,      ,   .      ,    ,              .   ,          ,    .   ,  ?               ?        ,          ?       ? ,     ,          ,     .

      ,   ,         ,   -    .  ,      ;                   ;        .        , -     .

     : ;   ;   ;   ; ;    -;   ,   .      ,       ,            .          ,            ,         ,      .




 I

  :      



       2000 .   .      .           ,  :   .      .     ,   . ,        :  ,       .          .      , ,   ,  .    ,     ,   .

         .        .        .         ,      .      :     .    .          .     ,  ,      .           .

          ,          .       .   ,     ?          ?    ,       ?      ,   ,    -  ?

        .      .          ,    , ,     .               ,         65          . . .      .         .    ,    , , grief shaming ( -    ). ,         ,    .

   :   60  ,       ,   [1 - Walter, T. What Death Means Now: Thinking Critically About Dying and Grieving. Bristol, U. K.: Policy Press, 2017.].     grief -   -,         ,      .        [2 - ,   grief.com  whatsyourgrief.com.];      ;   ,    ,       .       ,      [3 - Cunsolo, A., Ellis, N. R. Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss // Nature Climate Change. 2018. 8(4). . 275281.].   ,            .

       ?     ,    ?     ,     - -?  ,     ,      ?




  


   ,      :      ?  ,           ,        -   -.           :     ,          -  (,     -          ).     .

    ,          :

1.       ;

2. ,   (      );

3.  ;

4.   ;

5.    [4 - Kastenbaum, R. Death, society, and human experience. Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. 2007.].



    -    -        .   -  ,    ,         ,       .          ,    :     .      ,             ,    . ,         廠   ,      .

,               .             :  ,   , /    ! / -, , , /     . /   , /   , /    , /  , ,   -     .  ,  -     .         ,     .   ,     ,   :    ,     .

  ,  ,                  ,     .    ?     ?




   


 ,     XVI ,      ,     ,      .          ,       ,   : ,        ,              .         ,  ,  .      ,     ,       ,         .  ,   ,      , ,     .

 ,     ,     .          .       ,      ,        .  -            .      (1586 )      ,    :      ,        ?  ,             : ,     (1600),       (1623)   [5 - , .  . .: , 2016. . 333334.].           .

         1621   ,       [6 -     .   / ,    . . . .: -, 2005.].     ,       (  ).     ,    ,       .          ,              .                      .           . ,      XVIIXIX        , ,  ,      .    XIX            ,   ,        [7 - Rush, B. Medical Inquiries and Observations Upon The Diseases Of The Mind. Grigg, 1830.].






       (1628).    -,        1640 .   ,        .



      -   ,   ,  ,     .  XIX     :       ,    .        : XVIII  XIX     ,  ,     .  :        .

    1872            (The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals),        .              ,     .            ,   ,     ,         [8 - Darwin, C. R. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. John Murray, 1872.].

        ,        .           XIX    XX ,         ,   , .       ,        .          ,      .             ,  ,     .    ,               ,     .






.           .      ,    , ,      ,       .



             ,   1917     .      ,  , ,   ,   ,        .            :      ,   ,        ,  .        ,            ,       ,     ,     .       .

,        ,      .  1920    ,  1923-  .        ,        ,    ,    [9 - Archer, J. The Nature of Grief: The Evolution and Psychology of Reactions to Loss. Routledge, 1999.].           .          (  )   (  ),    .

          ,      . XIX        ,    ;         ,     [10 - Bereavement: reactions, consequences, and care / ed. by M. Osterweis, F. Solomon, M. Green /  6. Toward the biology of grieving. Committee for the Study of Health Consequences of the Stress of Bereavement. National Academy Press, 1984.Granek L. Grief as pathology: The evolution of grief theory in psychology from Freud to the present // History of Psychology, 2010. 13 (1). . 4673.Brinkmann, S. The grieving animal: Grief as a foundational emotion // Theory & Psychology. 2018. 28(2). .193207.].




    


             [11 - , .   .  .  /  . . . , . . . .: - . -, 1984.].   1940-          Cocoanut Grove.    28  1942            .   ,     492 .         ,  ,         .      . ,      :  ,   , ,  ,    .        .        ,    ,       , ,     ,  [12 - Lindemann, E. The symptomatology and management of acute grief // American Journal of Psychiatry. 1944. 101. . 141148.].

   XX          .  ,      , ,      ,   .                ,   .              -,   1970-       .   -       ,      .        ,       ,   .   ,  -,       :

1..     .    ,     .

2..        ,   ,    .

3..     , , ,   -    .

4..   ,    .

5.. ,    .



   -       ,           .    -   : ,      (2010 ,    ,     )        (1973 ,     ,  - ).    , , ,      .      ,   common knowledge.

  -,          . ,         : , , .       :  (), , , .      ,  : , ,   [13 - Harvey, J. H.; Miller, E. D. Toward a Psychology of Loss // Psychological Science. 1998. 9(6). . 429434.Bowlby, J. Attachment and Loss: Sadness and Depression. Volume III. London: Hogarth Press, 1980.Parkes, C. M. Bereavement in adult life // British Medical Journal. 1998. 316(7134). . 856859.Buglass, E. Grief and bereavement theories // Nursing Standard. 2010. 24(41). . 4447.].






 - (. Elisabeth K?bler-Ross, 19262004),            .     ,        .



  1980-   ,     ,        ,         .    :  (     ?),   (    ?),   (       ?),   (    ?),   (        ,      ?).

   XX       ,       .       (    )[14 - Engel, G. Is Grief a Disease? // Psychosomatic Medicine. 1961. 23. . 1822.],          ,    , .   ( ,  ,    ,    )[15 - Giles, P. F. H. Reactions of women to perinatal death // Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1970. 10. . 207210.Marris, P. Widows and their Families. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958.Marris, P. Loss and Change. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974.Parkes, C. M. Grief as an illness // New Society. 1964. 3(80). . 1112.Clayton, P., Desmarais, L., Winokur, G. A study of normal bereavement // American Journal of Psychiatry. 1968. 125. . 168178.Clayton, P. J., Halikas, J. A., Maurice, W. L. The depression of widowhood // British Journal of Psychiatry. 1972. 120. . 7178.] ,         (,       ),      [16 - Archer, J. The Nature of Grief: The Evolution and Psychology of Reactions to Loss. London: Routledge, 1999.].

        .       ,           -.        (,       ,   ),    : -  ,       .         ,                 .        ,   -         (       ),   -     [17 - Corr, Charles A. Coping With Dying: Lessons We Should and Should Not Learn From the Work of Elisabeth K?bler-Ross // Death Studies. 1993. 17. . 6983.].

               ?




      XX 


              .         ,     .

 ,      ,        :     (     )                     .          :       [18 -        ,           .]. ,   ,      ,    .              . ,  20                  :       ,      .    .

     .  ,           ,  .       , ,  ( ),     ,    . ,               ,   [19 - Suleiman, S. R. Crisis of memory and the second world war. Cambridge, MA; L.: Harvard University Press, 2006.].        .    ,   1946     ,                  .

          .   -,         ,   .     ,        ,   1945           !.   .

         .  1950-          :      ,      . ,    -,          .   1980-,             ,        ,   ,     .       ,            .   .         ,           .        ,     ,    .

     .    ,        ,          ,   .            .  ,  ,    :          ,      .     ,      , ,    .             ,    ;     ,                .

,                     ,    .   ,     1920-,   1930-    ,        ,    [20 - Miller, M. Freud and the Bolsheviks: Psychoanalysis in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.].  ,      ,           ,       [21 -      (       ,    )        ,             .   1930-         ,          .].

    ,      ,     ,      ,       .     :      [22 -   . URL: https://arzamas.academy/materials/1168.].           :        ,     .         1990-  ,    -.           ;          (  ,  ,   ,     ,  ).  -            .

 ,             ,          - .           .         ,    ,    ,  ,       ,    .     ,          ,       . ,     .

       ?




   


          . ,   ,     (  )             - ? ,         ,  ,       ,    .   ,    ,        . ,           .  ,      ,    .



    ,           ,  ,  .      ,               [23 - Elias, N. On human beings and their emotions: A process-sociological essay // The body: Social process and cultural theory / ed. by M. Featherstone, M. Hepworth, B.S. Turner. London: Sage, 1991. P. 103125.]. ,   ,      : , ,  ?      ?           ?

   :       ,    ,       .        -,           . -    ,       ,      : ,           .    ,          ,         .  : ,      ,    .  , -     (,   )        .   ,       ,         ,   ,   ,    (, ,   ,    ,    ,     ).   -         ,          ,   . ,      ,    .    -   ,       .          . - ,           ,         ,   .

  :      ,   ,   ,   ,         . ,    -     -     ,            ,       :      (     ),     ,        ,  ,     ,         ,   ,   : ,    .    쓻[24 -     -        , . 6 :   .].    -    ,    .

     ,           . ,             ,     [25 - Thompson, J. Psychological Aspects of Nuclear War. Leicester: British Psychological Society, 1985.]. ,   ,      ,        .      ,          ,   :  ,       ,         .      .      , ,   ,      ,      ,  ,  [26 - .  :        . , 2014.].

 ,  ,           1920-  -     .            .       ,      ,      ,     .                 :          .                 ,      ;         ,    ,      .            .      -,    .     ,     :         ,         .         : , .  , !    : , :   ,          ,      .     , ,   .  .       :   , , :   .    -;      蓅 




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/sergey-mohov-26818375/istoriya-smerti-kak-my-boremsya-i-prinimaem/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Walter, T. What Death Means Now: Thinking Critically About Dying and Grieving. Bristol, U. K.: Policy Press, 2017.




2


,   grief.com  whatsyourgrief.com.




3


Cunsolo, A., Ellis, N. R. Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss // Nature Climate Change. 2018. 8(4). . 275281.




4


Kastenbaum, R. Death, society, and human experience. Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. 2007.




5


, .  . .: , 2016. . 333334.




6


    .   / ,    . . . .: -, 2005.




7


Rush, B. Medical Inquiries and Observations Upon The Diseases Of The Mind. Grigg, 1830.




8


Darwin, C. R. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. John Murray, 1872.




9


Archer, J. The Nature of Grief: The Evolution and Psychology of Reactions to Loss. Routledge, 1999.




10


Bereavement: reactions, consequences, and care / ed. by M. Osterweis, F. Solomon, M. Green /  6. Toward the biology of grieving. Committee for the Study of Health Consequences of the Stress of Bereavement. National Academy Press, 1984.

Granek L. Grief as pathology: The evolution of grief theory in psychology from Freud to the present // History of Psychology, 2010. 13 (1). . 4673.

Brinkmann, S. The grieving animal: Grief as a foundational emotion // Theory & Psychology. 2018. 28(2). .193207.




11


, .   .  .  /  . . . , . . . .: - . -, 1984.




12


Lindemann, E. The symptomatology and management of acute grief // American Journal of Psychiatry. 1944. 101. . 141148.




13


Harvey, J. H.; Miller, E. D. Toward a Psychology of Loss // Psychological Science. 1998. 9(6). . 429434.

Bowlby, J. Attachment and Loss: Sadness and Depression. Volume III. London: Hogarth Press, 1980.

Parkes, C. M. Bereavement in adult life // British Medical Journal. 1998. 316(7134). . 856859.

Buglass, E. Grief and bereavement theories // Nursing Standard. 2010. 24(41). . 4447.




14


Engel, G. Is Grief a Disease? // Psychosomatic Medicine. 1961. 23. . 1822.




15


Giles, P. F. H. Reactions of women to perinatal death // Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1970. 10. . 207210.

Marris, P. Widows and their Families. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958.

Marris, P. Loss and Change. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974.

Parkes, C. M. Grief as an illness // New Society. 1964. 3(80). . 1112.

Clayton, P., Desmarais, L., Winokur, G. A study of normal bereavement // American Journal of Psychiatry. 1968. 125. . 168178.

Clayton, P. J., Halikas, J. A., Maurice, W. L. The depression of widowhood // British Journal of Psychiatry. 1972. 120. . 7178.




16


Archer, J. The Nature of Grief: The Evolution and Psychology of Reactions to Loss. London: Routledge, 1999.




17


Corr, Charles A. Coping With Dying: Lessons We Should and Should Not Learn From the Work of Elisabeth K?bler-Ross // Death Studies. 1993. 17. . 6983.




18


       ,           .




19


Suleiman, S. R. Crisis of memory and the second world war. Cambridge, MA; L.: Harvard University Press, 2006.




20


Miller, M. Freud and the Bolsheviks: Psychoanalysis in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.




21


     (       ,    )        ,             .   1930-         ,          .




22


  . URL: https://arzamas.academy/materials/1168.




23


Elias, N. On human beings and their emotions: A process-sociological essay // The body: Social process and cultural theory / ed. by M. Featherstone, M. Hepworth, B.S. Turner. London: Sage, 1991. P. 103125.




24


    -        , . 6 :   .




25


Thompson, J. Psychological Aspects of Nuclear War. Leicester: British Psychological Society, 1985.




26


.  :        . , 2014.


