           
  


   ,                  .          (451  ,   , , )      ,  . . , . . , . .  .          , , .





.. 

           








    ,      ,  ,   ?  ,   ,       :   ,  ,    ?  ,     .[1 -  .    /. . . . . . . . ?.: , 1991. ?. 31.]


     ,     ?   ,      .

     ,                  [ 1976:176].

       , , , , , , , ,   .      , ,  .   ,  ,        .            ,  .

                 ;         ;      ,     ,           .

       .  ..   ,          ,        [ 1873:18].

..               .      ... ,        :

		, ,  ,
		 !
		    
		, 酻;
		,   
		  .

       ., ., ., .     .

     ,     ,  .  ,                 (          )    .       -,    - .     ,          .     ,   ,   .

                   .           ,  ,   ..  (1942), ..  (1984), ..  (1986), ..  (1987), ..  (1998),  . (2002), ..  (2004), ..  (2006), .. (2009).

       ..   .. .   .. ,             .         ,   ,     [ 1942:50].       ..              .          ,     .     , , , ,  , . ,     1942 ,    ,  .          .. . .

..              () :           :             ,  , ,  [ 1986:28].

        ,         ,     ,            .

      ,          ,        .      :          ;        ;         ;    ,          ;            ,    .

   467  ,          (1920-2012)  451  ,   , , ,   ,  .., .., .., .          :  451            .    , ,     . .  ,     ,    .   ,    50          .  ,           ,   .

    , ..   ,     ,     ,    ,   .

    :         (    )    , ..      .            .

  ,   ,     ,          , , .       , ,       .

           ,         .     ,     .      ,     ,      ,  ,     .

      : - ;   ;    ;   ;   ;   ;   ;   ;   .

    .                    .        :     ,        ;           ,       .

       ,      ,     -      ,     .

     ,     ,   .       :    ,         .

            ,      .

     ,     , , , ,         ,       .   ,             ,  ,     , ,   ,    .




 1.         





1.       


        :

1) ,    ,               , ,     ;

2) ,    , ,        [ 2000: 467].

      .. .     : 1)    ; 2)     [ 2009: 4].

     :

1)       , , ,     ;

2)             ,    ;

3)    ;

4)     (              )      ,     ;

5)      [ 2000: 467].

  ,              .   .. ,                  [ 1962: 58].

        XIX .           :       ..,    .. ,     ,    ..  .              (..  , .. , .. , ..   .) [ 2009:4].

            .          ,        ,    .

       - ..       (1815.),                        .  20    ..    [ 2009:5].

           ..,          .. , .., .., .., .., .., .., .., ..   .

        ,  .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .. , ..-  .        : . , . , . , . .

      ,  ,   ,   .   ,      ,           ,        ,    [ 1962:32].

 ,   ,      ()    ,            ,         .    ,         .       .. -, ,    ,      ()   () [- 1963:83].

                .  ,   ..  .., ,  ..         :        ,     ,    ,   ,          ,      .  , ..        [,  1985: 14].

,      ,     (  ),  (     ),  (           ,   ..) [ 1969: 202],  (   ).         ,      [ 2001: 130;  2000: 467].

        ,  ,    .  ,             .

       .


     

                        ,  [Ginzburg 1979: 109]. ,   driver    v + er.    driver     drive  to direct the course of a vehicle    er  an active agent. , driver  one who drives (a carriage, motocar).

 ,      ,        ; ,   snow-white    N + Adj ( + ).          .           : sleeper, giver, smiler, soot-black, tax-free, etc.

              :  (word-derivation)   (wordcomposition).


 ..   .. 

      .    .  ..   ..       .

        :

1)      ;

2)         [ 1996: 456].

    :

)      ;

)    ;

)   ;

)   (  ) [ 1996: 456- 458].

   (      ),  ,           . , answer ()  to answer (), clean ()  to clean (), light ()  light ()  to light ().

   (    )     .       ,            ,       : `increase () to in`crease (/-).

  (   )       ,    .         ,         .                 : choice ()  to choose ().

         (  ).    ,           : order ()  disorder ().         : beauty ()  beautiful (), happy ()  happiness ().


 . . 

        (  ), ..    :  ,    ..   .. ,     .

  :

1.                :

1)              :

worker ? to work

2)      ,          :

adj. true  untrue v. to place  to replace

3)-               :

adj. unspeakable =v. to speak.

2.                   -  : nurse, n ? to nurse, v.    ,      ,         .      ,         [ 1977: 67].

3.                    :

1)  : full  to fill, blood  to bleed

2)  : to speak-speech, to advise  advice

3): life  to live.

4.                 ( ): present  to present.

5.  (shortning)        :

    plain (aeroplain)

    maths (mathematics)

    flue (influenso).


     

 .. 

           .. (1951).     ,   : -, -  -.    .

 ,    ,        (, ) [ 1975: 156].    - ,           ,    :    : ? ,  ? .

      .

-                 ,         [ 1975: 158]:  ( ) ? ,  ( ) ?  (. ).

-                  :  (  ),  ( ),  ( ).

-    ..            : , ,  () ?  (.), ! () ?  (.).

     ,  ..,    : , -           ;          ;    (- )      ,  ,     [ 2000: 500].         .

 .. 

,     ..,            . ,     : .    ( . .. , 2001) ,              ,     ,    ( / ),         .    ,        : 1)  ; 2)  ; 3)     [   2001: 501].

              :      ,    ,  .

    ,  ,    :        (, , ),       (- ,  , -   .).

          .  (. usus  , )     ,  (. occasion  )       [   2001: 502].

    : 1) ; 2) ; 3) .     : 1) -; 2) -; 3) -; 4) - -; 5)  (   ); 6) ; 7) - -.

      , , ,    [   2001: 506].

 ,           ,  , ,  ( )   .

 ,        ( , ,   .)   (, ).

       ..  ..,    , -, ,        ,      . -,   ,            ,          ,       ()   ,            ,     ,   ,    ,               [,  1985: 7-8 ].




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/i-u-pashkeeva/slozhnye-slova-v-angloyazychnyh-hudozhestvennyh-tekstah-i-ih-perevod-na-russkiy-yazyk/)  .

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1


 .    /. . . . . . . . ?.: , 1991. ?. 31.


