 . ,      
 

 


 1957         ,        .  1958     . .     .    ,     .         ,                    ,   ,      .





 ,  

 . ,      



Peter Finn and Petra Couvee

The Zhivago Affair. The Cremlin, the CIA and the Battle Over a Forbidden Book



 2014 by Peter Finn and Petra Couvee

      ,   , 2015

  ,   , 2015


* * *


      , , , ;       







.   .    


20 1956 ,   ,         .     ,      -  .      ;   .                  .      ;    .      .  ,  '  ,     ,      .      [1 -    '   20  1956 ,     ,    '  ,       '     2007        2012 ,       '   .  , '                : http://www.pasternakbydangelo.com. ' ,               ;     ,   .    ,   20  .].

      ',  ,    ,                .        ,  ,    ,    .

    '       ,    .   '      .                   ,       .    '     ,   ,  ,     ,     .

     ,      .  1934         .      ,              .    100     ,      .        .   [2 - Boris Pasternak: The Art of Fiction 25,    // The Paris Review 24 (1960): 6166.],     ,  .

      .         .                   .

        ,        .      1930-    .          .     .

  [3 - .:  .,  . :    .],  -   ,          ,     .   ,      ,    . ,      ,        .    ,   ,   4  .   ,     ,                .      :    [4 - . : Carlisle, Under a New Sky, 13.]     .

,        ,       .  ,          ,         .  1932                :  [5 -  .    . .    //  , 5 (1991), 166; Ruder, Making History for Stalin, 44.]     -  ,       ,      .   .    .        .         , ,   .



  , '           ,    .    .         .   . '  ,  . , ,  .     ;    ,          .  '   .       ,     .     .       ;              .

      ;      -       .   ,     66-    ,        .   ,   ,   .   '   ,   . ,      .          .   [6 -    : -          : .  .],         .     ,    ,    [7 - Boris Pasternak: The Art of Fiction 25,    // The Paris Review 24 (1960), 6166.],     .     .    ,  .     -       , ,      1953 ,   .     ,     ,    , ,            [8 - Berlin, Personal Impressions, 230.]   ,         , ,   ,   ,   .

       .   ,           ,   .    . ' ,     ,     .           1912 ,    22-   ,   .     4- ,     ,        ,     .           ,     ,         .     ,    ,    ,     .   [9 -  .  .]                .             ,            ,        .

          .    ,      - II    ,   .    6   , ,    .     .

       .       ,         .   ,     ,         .   :     [10 - Berlin, Personal Impressions, 220.],       . '    .   ,   ,   ,   ,     .

' ,        .         . '      ,      ,            .      '    ,       . '      .      1944 ,      ,       .  ,        .   '      .       1956 .

'   -            .   , ,    ,      . ,   ',    ,     ,  ,    ,     .      .       . ' ,      ,          .

      ,          ,         .

' ,          .  ,         ,        . , ,        ,   .   ,  ,   ,  ,    .   ,    ,    .     .         ,      . ,               . '  ,    ,       .      ' ,            ,   .

'  ,   ,     .    ,      ,       ,               .        1948        ,    :       [11 - Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 376.]  ,  ,  .

,      (      [12 - Shentalinsky, The KGB's Literary Archive, 145.]),    1938 .      ,      ,  ,            .         1929 ,            ,   .        ;           .      .       [13 -  , 141.],   ,     ,    .       ,     .  ,         ,     .      ,   ,   .         .      ,     ,     .     .     .      .  ,   .      ,   .      ,    .  19361939          .     .  ,  [14 - Berlin, Personal Impressions, 225.]    . ,       ,  , ,     .    [15 - Shentalinsky, The KGB's Literary Archive, 139.]?  .    28  1937 .       ;      ,    .     ,       .              .

        ,    ,       ;       1927          .  ,  1931  ,   ,     ;             --.   '!         .

   ,      [16 -  , 156.],     -    .    15 ,  5:45  6  20  1938 .             .   ,     ,      1-   12- .    12   ,     ,   .   [17 -  , 157.]         .  19381939 ,   ,  24138799      [18 - . : Westerman, Engineers of the Soul, 188.],        .

      ,     ,   .    [19 -  .  //  ,  , 293.],     ,         ,       ,    .

               .      .    1929     ,   ,     ,   ,  .

 , '  ,    . ,      , ,      [20 - Chukovsky, Diary, 10  1931, 262.]   ,   ,       .            .  ,         .     ,       ,      ; ,   ,        .        [21 -  .    24  1947 // Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg, Correspondence, 263.].

 ,    ,    ,     ,  ,       1917 .          .              .        ,    .     ,       ,         .

 1917 ,     ,    .        ,    .    ,    .        .     ,       ,  ,      . ,   ,  .     .      .     ,     .      -;   .  ,            ,    ,  .        .   ,  ,  ,   ,   ,   ,    .    .    ,     ,     .  ,   ,    ,   .       .   ;   .    .     .    ,     1929 .    ,     .         .

        .  ,      ,    .     ,     ,    .  ,             ,   ,             .    .        ,     .  [22 -   ໠ ,     1956.   , 25  1958. . : Conquest, Courage of Genius, Appendix II, 13663.]       -     .     ,   ,           ,          .  ,        ,    [23 - .   , 231.],    ,    - ,   .

     ,    ,       ',         ,  ,    .    ,    , ,   ,       ,   . '   ; ,    ,   .    ,          ,      ,     ,  .    ,     ;    ,    .      -.    [24 - Conquest, Courage of Genius, 3738.],       ,     ,    ,  .       , ,   ,  .         ;  ,            .

     ,       ,   '.    ,     , ,    ,    ,     .      ?

' ,     ,   ,          .

   ,  ,        ,      .       [25 - Boris Pasternak: The Art of Fiction 25,   , The Paris Review 24 (1960), 6166.],        ,      .   .    ,   .   433 [26 - ,  ',      (La Biblioteca della Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Milan).],   .      .  ,      ,   ,         .     1948 ;    ,    .

  ,  .    .

,    ,  ,      .

' ,         ,     .  ;       .

    ,  '    ,         , .   :      [27 - '.  , 13.].



      1957      ,      ,          .               1965    ,   ,       .         ,         ,   .

      ;             .          ,    ,  .      ,              .   ,         ,       .

   ,       , ,          ,   .        ,     1958       .           ,              .             ,    ,  .     .          ,      ,        .       ,     -   .

   ,   ,         . ,          ,       .  1917   1500          [28 - Shentalinsky, The KGB's Literary Archive, 6.],       .        ,  ,     ;    ,   .

       ;             ,   ,    .   ,    . ,         ?   [29 - .. ,     . . : Garrard and Garrard, Inside the Soviet Writers' Union, 27.],  .            .    ,     ,  .         .       ,  ,          ?

   1930-     ,        .      ;    .     . ,     ,    ,        .    ,    .  ,       .      ,    ,     .        .  ,      ,   .

     ,   -   .     ,  ,   .       [30 - Caute, Politics and the Novel During the Cold War, 150.].   ,   ,              .        ,   ,  ,    .   [31 - Gladkov, Meetings with Pasternak, 172.]       ,  ,        .     ,   , ,       [32 - Victor Frank, The Meddlesome Poet: Boris Pasternak's Rise to Greatness // The Dublin Review ( 1958), 52.],   ,  ,             ,                 ,  .        ,   ,    ,      : , , , ,   , ,    ,           .

    ,          .      1930-        ;         .    ,        ,       .     ,      .     ?            -  .   ,    ,   ,          .

       ,         .       1945 ;      .    ;  ,         .     ,  ,   -  .

      ;    ,    65 .                .      ,            .     ,        ,   ,  .  ,                 [33 - . . .  . . : Wachtel, An Obsession with History, 13.].

     ,          . , ,      -   .         [34 -  , . 13, . 13.] ,      .     ,       ,   .             ,     .

     , ,   ,            .

  1958                    .        ;  1958     ,     .          .

        ,               -. ,   [35 -     .  20  1980 // University of Michigan Special Collections Library: Box 7 of the Ardis Collection Records, Folder heading Ardis Author/Name Files  Morrow, Felix.]     ,      .           .   .     [36 - Boris Pasternak, Lettres a mes amies franchises (19561960), 41.]  ,               ;        [37 -    ,     ,     . . .   ո,    22  1999. . : Chris Vos, De Geheime Dienst: verhalen over de BVD.            ,      ӻ.     . : A Footnote to the Zhivago Affair, or Ann Arbor's Strange Connections with Russian Literature // Carl R. Proffer, The Widows of Russia.].       .  ,     ,  ,       .         ,        .

 ,     [38 - C               :     .]  ,            .          .                  .      (),         .    1958           .         -     1959 .

                .




 1.     


 [39 - Alexander Pasternak, A Vanished Present, 204.]      ,   ,    .  ,     ,        ;            .     :    .  ,    ,   , ,     .     ,       .

25  1917            ,  .       -,         .       ; ,    ,   ,     .  ,      ,    ;     . ,    ,    .   ,   ,     -       .  ,    ,  . ,    ,  ,   ,        .      , 24-,         .   ,   ,              .   ,   ,            .           ,      ,    .        .  ,  ,     ,   .             [40 -  , 205.].  ,   ,   ,  [41 -  , 206.],    .   .

       1917 ,   ,    ,     ,           .         ,   ,          .  ,    .  ,  ,    ,    ,    . 3  II,  ,   ,      .

,        ,   ,    .      [42 - . .   . .:  .  . 3, 328.],    .           . ,       ,     ,  ,   .   ,       .         [43 - Barnes, Boris Pasternak. . 1, 224;  .     19071917. .:  . . . 11, 56.],    .    ,     [44 - Josephine Pasternak, Tightrope Walking, 82.]   ,   ,     ,      .        .

       .         ,  .     [45 -  , . 5, . 8.].    -,     ,   ,   .        .      ,       . - ,   ?    . ,  ?    .    .

 ,      .  , ,   ,       .    ,   ,     . ,      ,      ,    ,       .   [46 -  , . 6, . 8.]!     .        !

,   ,       [47 - Smith, The Russian Revolution, 40.],      ,   ,          .

      : , -,   [48 -  , . 11, . 5.] ,      ,   . -,      ,           , , ,    . -,   ,      ,         .

     ,   ,         .    ,   :  ,   [49 -  .]   ,      ,     ,            ,          .

     ,         ;       .    ,      ,   ,       .

          .      .  ,  ,   -,    ,   .     ;      ,       ,      .      ; ,       XIX , :    , .       1881 ,      .  1882 ,     ,         .      , [50 - Mark, The Family Pasternak, 110.]     ,  .

   ,   1888    .        , .   ,      .  ,    ; 1892           .    . .      .         ,           1910 . . .             ;  ,        ,   ,    ,   [51 - Boris Pasternak, I Remember, 67.]       .

 ,        ,         ;      .        .          [52 - Barnes, Boris Pasternak. . 1, 20;    . . , 17  1927 //  . . . 8, 42.]          - ,    ,  ,  ,        .

     .  ,    ,    , ,       ,   ,    ,    . ,   ,         .        ,        ,         .    -,              ,    .   [53 - Mark, The Family Pasternak, 111.],    . ,    ,   ,       ,    ,   ,      ,       .      ,    .       1886   ;    ,   1889 .     .      1893 ,   1900-,     1902 .

          .  [54 - Boris Pasternak, I Remember, 38.]         .      , ,         ,    ,   ,  .      ,     .      ,      ;      ,  ,   . - ,  , ,       ,     ,       .     .           ,     ;        .         . - ,      ,           .   ,   [55 - Barnes, Boris Pasternak. T. 1, 82; Alexander Pasternak, Vanished Present, 135.]        ,       .         .    [56 - Boris Pasternak, I Remember, 40.],  ,  ,  ,      ,     .   ,  ,    ,     ,        ,      - .  ,    .

   ,    ,   ,     ,     ,      [57 -  .  .],           .        ,       ,     ,      .   [58 - Barnes, Boris Pasternak. . 1, 94;  .     19071917. .:  . . . 11, 37.],     ,         ,     ,     . , ,     , ,    [59 - .  .]     .      .    ,    ,        养, ,          (- ,   ),  : ,      !     ,      [60 - Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg, Correspondence, 3.],     : ,  ,  [61 -  , 10.],         .

     ;      ,    .     1912  , -,      ,    ,     .   [62 - Barnes, Boris Pasternak. . 1, 140;   . , 4/17   29 /11  1912, .:  . . . 7, 125.],   .       .  ,     ,      .      ;      ,         .               ,    [63 -   .  29 /11  1912, .:  . . . 7, 122.]  .       ,   .          ,      .   ,      ,  , ,       .      ,     .

       1913 ,    ,         [64 - Boris Pasternak, I Remember, 76.],    ,     .  ,    ,     ,  ;        .  ,  ,    1917 .      ;             .                .   150 .

       [65 - Andrei Sinyavsky, Boris Pasternak (1965) .: Davie and Livingstone, Pasternak: Modern Judgments, 157.]  ,       ,   ,      .

 1917       ,  , ,   .        ,   ,       .   [66 - Christopher Barnes, Notes on Pasternak // Fleishman, Boris Pasternak and His Times, 402.],     ,     ,   .       ,    ,     ,        .           1917.       ,    ,        [67 - Fleishman, Boris Pasternak: The Poet and His Politics, 109.].

        ,      -  ,        1922 .        ,         .

    ,  ,     ,       .    ,            .  ,    ?[68 - ,     //  .   ,   , 517.]   .

   ;    . ,        .  ,    ,       .       [69 - Barnes, Boris Pasternak. . 1, 299;     22  1921 //  . . . 7, 376377.],  ,    ,        .

   1922 .   ,       .      :   [70 - ,     :  .   :   , 520.].

  ,    ,   1923 .             .     [71 - Yevgeni Pasternak, Boris Pasternak: The Tragic Years, 12.],         ,  ,     .       ,     ;        .

   ,      .       ,  -        .  ,    ,        [72 - ,     //  .   ,   , 511.],     .

    -  .       ,     .  1930       ,    ,   .         .    -[73 -  ,  //  ,  , 237244.]  1897 ,     ;     .         ,   , ,   .            .  1917     ,         .

     ,    ,  .       .    ,  ,      .      ,     ,      .          .

,    ,  ,    ,     ,      .    [74 -     , 8  1931 // Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 195.] [],   -     ,   .   ,      []        ,   ,      .

    .       ,    .          :

		 ,  ,  [75 - .:  .  .]
		     .
		 ,   ,   ,
		 ,     .
		    
		  .
		  ,   , 
		  .

           .  ,      [76 -      20  1959 // Boris Pasternak, Lettres a mes amies frangaises (19561960), 194195.],    .   ,            ,  .

  1932     ,       :       . ,   [77 -  .  //  .  , 273274.],                .      ,    .    [78 -      11  1932 // Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 207.],   [],      .        [79 - Gerstein, Moscow Memoirs, 32.]     .

   ,   .   [80 -     11  1932 // Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 209.]   . ,         .       .       . Der spat kommende Gast? [ ?]    ,  ,   .   ,     .   ?     ?  .  ,     ;      ,  ,     .    ;     .    [81 -  .]     ,    , ,   .  ,  ,       .      ,     ,   .

,         , :  ,  [82 -  .]?      ?

         .           ,     .   [83 -     , 24  1932 // Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 230.]   ,  [], , ,  ,   .    ,     ,  , -       .     ,      (   ) .

    ,      [84 - ,     //  .   .   , 511.]   .

        .         . ,     ,   ,    ,      .




 2. ,    ,     


       [85 - Alexander Pasternak, Vanished Present, 194; Barnes, Boris Pasternak. T. 1, 244, 274, 276.]    .     .   ,     .         ,    , ,   .         ,     .       ;              ,    .     .  1920                    .       ,     .             .

        .      ,       .       .   ,    ,    ,       ,       ,     .    [86 - . Zoo,     .],   ,     .  ,       .  , ,  ,  ,        .    .

      .   [87 - Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg, Correspondence, xviii.],          ;      ,       ,                 ,  .

 [88 - Berlin, Personal Impressions, 222.],    ,      ,    ,                ,   ,   .         ,  : [89 -  , . 4, . 12.]. .   .    .    , .   .      .         ;    ,    . ,   ,       1936 ,           1945 .    ,        [90 - Isaiah Berlin, letter to Edmund Wilson, 23  1958 // Berlin, Enlightening: Letters 19461960, 668.].          ;     ,     .   ,      .    , [91 - Jhan Robbins, Boris Pasternak's Last Message to the World, This Week, 7  1960.]       . -          ,    . ,    ,       .    .

  1921    ,         .      , ,     ,    .              -  [92 - .  .].      ,  .     .

  [93 - Osip Mandelstam, Critical Prose and Letters, 168.]   ,  ,  :       .       .      ,    .    ,   [94 - .  .],         1922 .     : , , , , .         ,       .         .               :

		 ,  ,
		   :
		, ,  
		  ?[95 -   ; .: Lydia Pasternak Slater, About These Poems // Boris Pasternak, Poems of Boris Pasternak, 35.]

        [96 - Barnes, Boris Pasternak. T. 1, 286.]    .     ,   1922            .

      .   1922            ,      ,               .         ;  ,                ,     , ,    .  1922         .        . , ,    [97 - .   .] ,        ,    .   , ,        ,      .    ,     ,  ,                  .

      [98 - Service, Trotsky, 315.],     .  ,  ,     ,       ,      .         .      ,           .

  ,             .    [99 -    .: .   ,   , 9395; .     15  1922. //  . . . 7, 398.]   ,     .      ,        ;          .        ,   .        ,        .   ,      ,          .        .

    ,     -.  :     ,   .

 ,  ,    .

   ,    ,       .  ,          ,        .  ,      ; ,    ,   ,        .   ,       .

        ,  ,       .     ?

    ,  .  .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/petra-kuve/delo-zhivago-kreml-cru-i-bitva-za-zapreschennuu-knigu/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


   '   20  1956 ,     ,    '  ,       '     2007        2012 ,       '   .  , '                : http://www.pasternakbydangelo.com. ' ,               ;     ,   .    ,   20  .




2


Boris Pasternak: The Art of Fiction 25,    // The Paris Review 24 (1960): 6166.




3


.:  .,  . :    .




4


. : Carlisle, Under a New Sky, 13.




5


 .    . .    //  , 5 (1991), 166; Ruder, Making History for Stalin, 44.




6


   : -          : .  .




7


Boris Pasternak: The Art of Fiction 25,    // The Paris Review 24 (1960), 6166.




8


Berlin, Personal Impressions, 230.




9


 .  .




10


Berlin, Personal Impressions, 220.




11


Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 376.




12


Shentalinsky, The KGB's Literary Archive, 145.




13


 , 141.




14


Berlin, Personal Impressions, 225.




15


Shentalinsky, The KGB's Literary Archive, 139.




16


 , 156.




17


 , 157.




18


. : Westerman, Engineers of the Soul, 188.




19


 .  //  ,  , 293.




20


Chukovsky, Diary, 10  1931, 262.




21


 .    24  1947 // Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg, Correspondence, 263.




22


  ໠ ,     1956.   , 25  1958. . : Conquest, Courage of Genius, Appendix II, 13663.




23


.   , 231.




24


Conquest, Courage of Genius, 3738.




25


Boris Pasternak: The Art of Fiction 25,   , The Paris Review 24 (1960), 6166.




26


,  ',      (La Biblioteca della Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Milan).




27


'.  , 13.




28


Shentalinsky, The KGB's Literary Archive, 6.




29


.. ,     . . : Garrard and Garrard, Inside the Soviet Writers' Union, 27.




30


Caute, Politics and the Novel During the Cold War, 150.




31


Gladkov, Meetings with Pasternak, 172.




32


Victor Frank, The Meddlesome Poet: Boris Pasternak's Rise to Greatness // The Dublin Review ( 1958), 52.




33


. . .  . . : Wachtel, An Obsession with History, 13.




34


 , . 13, . 13.




35


    .  20  1980 // University of Michigan Special Collections Library: Box 7 of the Ardis Collection Records, Folder heading Ardis Author/Name Files  Morrow, Felix.




36


Boris Pasternak, Lettres a mes amies franchises (19561960), 41.




37


   ,     ,     . . .   ո,    22  1999. . : Chris Vos, De Geheime Dienst: verhalen over de BVD.            ,      ӻ.     . : A Footnote to the Zhivago Affair, or Ann Arbor's Strange Connections with Russian Literature // Carl R. Proffer, The Widows of Russia.




38


C               :     .




39


Alexander Pasternak, A Vanished Present, 204.




40


 , 205.




41


 , 206.




42


. .   . .:  .  . 3, 328.




43


Barnes, Boris Pasternak. . 1, 224;  .     19071917. .:  . . . 11, 56.




44


Josephine Pasternak, Tightrope Walking, 82.




45


 , . 5, . 8.




46


 , . 6, . 8.




47


Smith, The Russian Revolution, 40.




48


 , . 11, . 5.




49


 .




50


Mark, The Family Pasternak, 110.




51


Boris Pasternak, I Remember, 67.




52


Barnes, Boris Pasternak. . 1, 20;    . . , 17  1927 //  . . . 8, 42.




53


Mark, The Family Pasternak, 111.




54


Boris Pasternak, I Remember, 38.




55


Barnes, Boris Pasternak. T. 1, 82; Alexander Pasternak, Vanished Present, 135.




56


Boris Pasternak, I Remember, 40.




57


 .  .




58


Barnes, Boris Pasternak. . 1, 94;  .     19071917. .:  . . . 11, 37.




59


.  .




60


Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg, Correspondence, 3.




61


 , 10.




62


Barnes, Boris Pasternak. . 1, 140;   . , 4/17   29 /11  1912, .:  . . . 7, 125.




63


  .  29 /11  1912, .:  . . . 7, 122.




64


Boris Pasternak, I Remember, 76.




65


Andrei Sinyavsky, Boris Pasternak (1965) .: Davie and Livingstone, Pasternak: Modern Judgments, 157.




66


Christopher Barnes, Notes on Pasternak // Fleishman, Boris Pasternak and His Times, 402.




67


Fleishman, Boris Pasternak: The Poet and His Politics, 109.




68


,     //  .   ,   , 517.




69


Barnes, Boris Pasternak. . 1, 299;     22  1921 //  . . . 7, 376377.




70


,     :  .   :   , 520.




71


Yevgeni Pasternak, Boris Pasternak: The Tragic Years, 12.




72


,     //  .   ,   , 511.




73


 ,  //  ,  , 237244.




74


    , 8  1931 // Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 195.




75


.:  .  .




76


     20  1959 // Boris Pasternak, Lettres a mes amies frangaises (19561960), 194195.




77


 .  //  .  , 273274.




78


     11  1932 // Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 207.




79


Gerstein, Moscow Memoirs, 32.




80


    11  1932 // Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 209.




81


 .




82


 .




83


    , 24  1932 // Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 230.




84


,     //  .   .   , 511.




85


Alexander Pasternak, Vanished Present, 194; Barnes, Boris Pasternak. T. 1, 244, 274, 276.




86


. Zoo,     .




87


Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg, Correspondence, xviii.




88


Berlin, Personal Impressions, 222.




89


 , . 4, . 12.




90


Isaiah Berlin, letter to Edmund Wilson, 23  1958 // Berlin, Enlightening: Letters 19461960, 668.




91


Jhan Robbins, Boris Pasternak's Last Message to the World, This Week, 7  1960.




92


.  .




93


Osip Mandelstam, Critical Prose and Letters, 168.




94


.  .




95


  ; .: Lydia Pasternak Slater, About These Poems // Boris Pasternak, Poems of Boris Pasternak, 35.




96


Barnes, Boris Pasternak. T. 1, 286.




97


.   .




98


Service, Trotsky, 315.




99


   .: .   ,   , 9395; .     15  1922. //  . . . 7, 398.


