21-頖 30- .  . , 2024.  
 


10         . . ..  .





21-頖 30- .  . , 2024.  



 



  



 ,2024



ISBN978-5-0059-0593-2

     Ridero


***

   10      .

      .




TEST21





 1. 


1.  6.       AF ,   17.   ,   ,   .      .    .    .



1.You cant guess what comes next inthe show.

2. Its not bad that the show differs from the book.

3. The show can suit everyones taste.

4. They say the show is based on real historic episodes.

5. For me its apity the show doesnt reflect British history.

6. For certain reasons the book turned out tobe much better than the show.

7. The show is exciting because ofthe female roles.

***

 . A B C D EF



***

2.  . ,    G    (1 True),   (2 False)   ,        ,    (3 Not stated).       .    .



A.The registration at the leisure centre has time limits.

B. Jim doesnt know how toorganize his free time properly.

C. Jim doesnt have any communication problems at school.

D. Jim has abackground insports.

E. Jim thinks most people enjoy books and movies.

F. Jim has no chance tofind the necessary books inhis library.

G. The classes Jim is interested intake place three times aweek.



堅  .. A B C D E FG

 



***

  .   39    1, 2 3,     .    .



3. What is remarkable about Sams boats?



1)They are ofthe same size.

2) They are designed and produced according tocustomers wishes.

3) They are designed bythe customers.



:



4. Sam started making boats becauseit



1)helped tocombine his skill with his passion.

2) brought alot ofmoney.

3) was only apart-timejob.



:



5. Sam learned about nature when hewas



1)travelling with his father.

2) staying with his grandmother.

3) helping his mother at work.



:



6. Sam learned toplay the guitar because he wantedto



1)follow inhis fathers steps.

2) impress his family.

3) show respect for his father.



:



7. Speaking about introducing his son tohis business, Sam says thathe



1)has already begun doing this.

2) doesnt plan todo this.

3) will do it inafew years.



:



8. Sams favourite leisure activityis



1)walking hisdog.

2) fishing.

3) boating.



:



9. Inconclusion the presenter expresses awishto



1)get ahot summer that year.

2) meet Sam inthe studio again.

3) spend more time on the river.



:



   19     1!      ,   .     12   ,    .         .




 2. 


10.     AG  18.    .      .     .



1. Space Research

2. ATouch ofMagiC.

3. Great Expectations

4. M-Learning Revolution

5. Wary Birds

6. Viable Alternative

7. Old Custom

8. Attractive Destination



A. The Hebrides, agroup ofislands off the Scottish coast, offers tourists adiversity ofwildlife and scenery with few equals inthe UK. And inthe waters around them you can find not only dolphins but whales and the mighty sea eagle as well. Inplaces it is possible tosee such marine animals from the shore, but tohave the best views you need tobe on aboat.

. Mostly its about hot air for without that, balloons are just big empty bags with baskets on the bottom. The Montgolfier brothers had great hopes when they made the first manned flight. They thought balloons would take off as aviable means ofcommercial flight. Instead, they have remained the province ofsport, adventure and enjoyment. Yet they still retain the essential characteristics which make them so attractive.

. Many people still think that toget the chance togo tospace you have got totry tobecome an astronaut. Unfortunately, the chances ofsucceeding are tiny, simply because there are so few astronauts and there is no prospect ofalot more being employed. However, you need not despair because you will be able togo as avisitor. But the first thing you should do is tosave up because the demand is expected tobe strong and prices will be high.

D. The natural cautiousness is usual inherons. They prefer tospend the day inareas where they can hunt for fish inpeace. They seldom allow close approach and are quick totake tothe air when they sense humans are about. Such nervousness is understandable, given that they have suffered from persecution from fish farmers.

E. Crop circles are large circular patterns which have been turning up mysteriously incornfields all over southern England, and inother parts ofthe world, since the 1980s. Many people believe they could not have been done byhuman beings they say only visitors from outer space could have created such circles. Although scientists are trying tosolve this mystery, the scientific explanation has not been foundyet.

F. Teachers are used toasking students toturn off their mobile phones but soon they could be amajor classroom aid for teaching and learning. Three schools inthe Richmond area are taking part inan innovative project inwhich students will use their mobile phones. Students can use the phones toget access tolearning materials as more phones nowadays have links tothe Internet.

G. Every year, large crowds ofpeople gather at Coopers Hill towatch the Cheese Rolling Championship. Agroup ofbrave people roll alarge cheese down the hill, and then run down after it. Intheory, competitors must catch the cheese, but as it can reach speeds up to70miles an hour, this rarely happens. Cheese Rolling has been going on for hundreds ofyears and nobody knows for sure when it first started.




***

11.     AF  ,   17.    17.  ,    , .




Volcanic Eruptions


Volcanic eruptions are among the Earths most powerful and destructive forces. However, they are also creative forces. The Earths first oceans and atmosphere formed from the gases given off byvolcanoes. Inturn, the oceans and the atmosphere created the environment ___ (A). Volcanoes have also shaped the Earths landscape. Many ofour mountains, islands, and plains have been built byvolcanic eruptions.



The Earths crust is broken into plates ___ (B). There are 16major plates. These rigid plates float on asofter layer ofrock inthe Earths mantle. As the plates move about they push together or pull apart. Most volcanoes are located near the edges ofplates.



Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become athick flowing substance called magma. ___ (C), magma rises and collects inmagma chambers. Eventually some ofthe magma pushes through vents and fissures inthe Earths surface. Avolcanic eruption occurs! Magma that has erupted is called lava.



Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are not. How explosive an eruption is depends on how runny or sticky the magma is. If magma is thin and runny, gases can escape easily from it. ___ (D), it flows out ofthe volcano. Lava flows rarely kill people, because they move slowly enough for people toget out oftheir way. Lava flows, however, can cause considerable destruction tobuildings intheir path.



If magma is thick and sticky, gases cannot escape easily. Pressure builds up ___ (E). Inthis type oferuption, the magma blasts into the air and breaks apart into pieces called tephra. Tephra can range insize from tiny particles ofash tohouse-size boulders.



Explosive volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and deadly. They can blast out clouds ofhot tephra from the side or top ofavolcano. These fiery clouds race down mountainsides destroying almost everything intheir path. Ash erupted into the sky falls back toEarth like powdery snow, but snow ___ (F). If thick enough, blankets ofash can suffocate plants, animals, and humans. When hot volcanic materials mix with water from streams or melted snow and ice, mudflows form. Mudflows have buried entire communities located near erupting volcanoes.



1. that resemble ajigsaw puzzle

2. when plates push together

3. until the gases escape violently and explode

4. that made life possible on our planet

5. because it is lighter than the solid rock aroundit

6. that doesntmelt

7. when this type ofmagma erupts




***

    1218.        1, 2, 3 4,     .




Kayak Adventure


It started with acasual phone call inthe spring of2005. Agood friend, Mike Crenshaw, finally got apermit from the National Park Service tolead aprivate party of16boaters down the Colorado River. He had aslot open for Willie. Was he interested?

It was the chance ofalifetime, Stewart says. He had been waiting years for this trip tohappen. How could Irefuse?

But before they shoved off, he had acouple ofthings totake care of. He had toget awhite-water kayak, learn how touse it, and get aprosthesis toreplace his missingarm.

The trip was still about four months off and Stewart figured he had time tomaster the needed skills for white-water kayaking. He spent hours practising inthe university pool and inacreek down the road from his house. Over and over, he flipped himself upside down so he could work on his Eskimo roll inwhich he uses his paddle and alittle hip action toflip himself upright. Finally, figuring he was ready, Stewart headed for the Grand Canyon.

Even with all his training, he was barely prepared for the adventure. At the first significant rapids, amiddling run ofwhite water called Badger Creek, Stewart was thrown out ofhis boat. He recalls how demoralized he felt as he swam toshore. Farther downriver at aplace called House Rock, he was knocked over four times. He made it through mostly because hed mastered one good move: the Eskimo roll.

At another set ofrapids, Horn Creek, he got sucked into aviolent implosion ofwater that held him inaswirling maelstrom for several terrifying seconds. At the next, Hance, which was full ofrocks, Stewart says, Iwas upside down, backward basically, Iwas bounced down the river like arubber ball. He was figuratively, and literally, inover his head.

Stewart decided that toeven pretend he knew what he was doing would be pure suicide. From then on, he followed more experienced paddlers through the thundering waters and relied on his Eskimo roll for emergencies. Up until now, even after his injury, Stewart had dominated just about every competition he entered. Here inthe canyon, he realized, he might have met his match.

The Colorado can be abrutal adversary. It flows at the rate ofanywhere from 10,000to30,000cubic feet every second. It has roughly 100named, or significant, rapids and adozen smaller ones, all more than capable oftrashing Stewart and his little plastic boat. And then there is the cold. Water temperature seldom gets above the high 40s. Some stretches are so chilly that boaters are warned not toswim inthem at all. The shock ofimmersion can cause muscle exhaustion and drowning, even aheart attack.

After about aweek and ahalf, Stewart had made it 90miles. Icouldnt believe Iwas still alive, he admits. It was pure luck. His luck was about tochange.

He had been dreading the huge rapids called Crystal. Rapids inthe Grand Canyon are rated one toten indegree ofdifficulty, ten being the meanest. Stewart began his attack bydodging an enormous whirlpool. Paddling frantically, he slipped past awall ofwaves powerful enough toflip aboat twice the size ofhis, and skirted what one guide called araft-ripping rock.

But he still wasnt finished. There was asecond half tonavigate, atreacherous, boulder-strewn run euphemistically called the Rock Garden. ToStewarts relief, he wove through it all without getting tipped over once.

Shortly afterward, the river took asharp left turn where he had tonegotiate alittle set ofwhite water, coincidentally called Willies Necktie. The danger here is the way the current drives boats into the crook ofthe turn on the right side. The way toavoid it is tostay on the left. Stewart knew that, but he dropped his guard, making adeadly mistake. He drifted right.

Before he could make the correction, his boat slammed into aboulder and flipped. Tons ofrushing water pinned him against the canyon wall. He tried todo his Eskimo roll, but his right arm the one he always used topull himself up was jammed against the rock. Somehow he had toget himself vertical using his prosthesis.

Stewart fought hard, pushing up again and again, each time getting afew gasps ofair before being submerged. Exhausted, freezing, running out ofroom tobreathe, he thought he had one more try left inhim. Gathering his last bit ofenergy, he lunged for the surface. This time, his paddle blade caught just right, and he pulled himself upright.

After alittle less than aminute, the current spun him around and slammed him into arock. Before hed even caught his breath, Stewart was underwater again. Luckily, this time someone saw him go down.

Timmy ONeill was an experienced kayaker on his fifth Canyon run. He quickly paddled across the river tohelp, arriving just intime tosee Stewarts kayak pop tothe surface. Several long seconds later, Stewart bobbed up. As he reached for ONeills kayak, they were both sucked into ahole ofchurning water. Finally, the river spit them out, and Stewart discovered he had anew problem. His paddle, strapped tohis prosthesis, was acting like an anchor, dragging him toward the next set ofrapids. He had todecide: keep the arm and drown, or cut it loose. Frantic, he clawed at the tight straps, finally getting them free. Then he felt the current drag everything away. My arm, he gasped. It was gone.

Iwas devastated, Stewart recalls. Here he was at the 100-mile mark, less than halfway, and for all practical purposes the trip was over.



12. Willie Stewart



1)was an experienced kayaker.

2) had awhite-water kayak.

3) was disabled.

4) had been tothe Grand Canyon before.



:



13. Before heading for the Grand Canyon, Stewart spend alot oftime



1)practising aself-rescue technique.

2) studying at University.

3) swimming inthe pool.

4) looking for aprosthesis.



:



14. After aset ofrapids, Stewart understood that



1)he was well prepared for the adventure.

2) he was having the best match inhis life.

3) he didnt have necessary skills tosucceed.

4) his adventure was apure suicide.



:



15. Boaters are advised not toswim insome stretches because



1)oftheir dangerous rapids.

2) the water is too cold inthem.

3) the current is too strong.

4) they are very deep.



:



16. Stewart went inthe wrong direction after



1)Crystal.

2) araft-ripping rock.

3) the Rock Garden.

4) Willies Necktie.



:



17. Willie had difficulty indoing his Eskimo roll because



1)the water was too cold.

2) he was exhausted.

3) he was running out ofroom tobreathe.

4) he could not use his rightarm.



:



18. Stewart managed toescape the next set ofrapids



1)with the help ofONeill.

2) after doing his Eskimo roll.

3) bydisposing ofhis prosthesis.

4) holding on tothe straps.



:



   1018      1!      ,   .     1011   ,    .         .




 3.  



   . ,  , ,     ,   1924, ,      .    .       1924.




What Can ComputersDo?


19. Computers and microchips  part ofour everyday lives.

BECOME



20. We read magazines which  on computer, we buy things with the help ofcomputer; we pay bills prepared bycomputers.

PRODUCE



21. Just  aphone number involves the use ofasophisticated computer system.

DIAL



22. Inthe past, life without computers was much  than it is today.

DIFFICULT



23. The first computers were able tomultiply long numbers, but they  do anything else.

NOTCAN



24. Nobody  stories about robots and space travel, but now computers are able todo almost all difficult jobs.

BELIEVE



***

   .  ,     ,  2529,   ,       .    .      2529.




AChallenge for Europe


25. Recently there has been asmall  inthe number ofpeople out ofwork inEurope.

REDUCE



26. However,  is still the number one social problem facing the 15member states ofthe European Union.

EMPLOY



27. Moreover,  ofopportunity between men and women is still an issue that politicians inmany countries have not come togrips with.

EQUAL



28. Inprofessions such as law and engineering women are still  bytheir absence.

NOTICE



29.  still discriminate against women inanumber ofways even if their qualifications are the same as those ofmen.

EMPLOY



***

  ,   3036.     3036,     .     1, 2, 3 4,     .



Charity



Alot ofpeople inour world have little or no money at all. Many ofthem are homeless and cant enjoy what most ofus take for 30_______. They need our help and there are alot ofcharity organizations tohelp poor people. Because ofcharities many homeless people have shelters, hungry children have been fed, alot ofdiseases have already been 31_______and many animals are safe.

Around the world there are alot ofchildren who suffer from different diseases, running 32_______ time and hope. The biggest charity project inRussia is Contribution tothe Future whose goal is tohelp any child inneed. Its programmes help poor, homeless and disabled children.

There are alot ofpeople inthe world who have chosen charity as their main mission inlife. One ofthe most famous missionaries was Mother Teresa. She lived the hard life ofthe poor alongside them; she knew how it felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was experiencing 33_______what the people she was helping were going through, she so effectively knew how togive. Besides meeting peoples basic physical needs bygiving them food and medicine, she met peoples emotional needs as well.

Alot ofrich people also feel the necessity tohelp the poor. For example, Bill Gates is afamous billionaire, but he is also anoted philanthropist who donated the proceeds ofhis successful books to34_______educational organizations. He has also given millions toinitiatives inglobal health and learning, hoping to35_________more and more people tohave access to36_______ facilities inthese areas. Agood example is the opening ofThe School ofthe Future inPhiladelphia, sponsored byhis company Microsoft.

The spirit ofphilanthropy is not about what or how much you give but rather about the feeling that you are helping others inneed.








   1936      1!      ,   .     1929   ,    .           .



!,         .




 4. 


   3738   2.           .    3738   ,       ,    2.      .        .   ,   ,   , .    37  2        .



37. You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friendAnn:



From: ann@mail.uk

To: Russian_friend@oge.ru

Subject: Hometown



Thank you for the book about your home city. Ilove it! How long have your family lived inthis city? What is your favourite place there? Would you like tomove toanother city, why or whynot?



This year Im planning tohave avery unusual birthday party



Write an email toAnn.

Inyour message:



answer his questions;

ask 3questions about her birthday party.



Write 100140words.

Remember the rules ofemail writing.



***

      (38.1 38.2),      2   .    38  .



38.1Imagine that you are doing aproject on what field teens want towork inZetland. You have found some data on the subject (see the table below).



Comment on the data inthe table and give your opinion on the subject ofthe project.



The opinion poll question:

What field have you chosen towork?








Write 200250words.



Use the following plan:

make an opening statement on the subject ofthe project;

select and report 23facts;

make 12comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

outline aproblem that can arise with finding agood job and suggest away ofsolvingit;

conclude bygiving and explaining your opinion on the importance ofhaving adreamjob.

Higher Education Importance



***

38.2Imagine that you are doing aproject on why it is important for teens toget ahigher education inZetland. You have found some data on the subject the results f the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).

Comment on the data inthe diagram and give your opinion on the subject ofthe project.



The opinion poll question:

Why are you going toenter auniversity?








Write 200250words.

Use the following plan:

make an opening statement on the subject ofthe project;

select and report 23facts;

make 12comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

outline aproblem that one can face getting ahigher education and suggest away ofsolvingit;

conclude bygiving and explaining your opinion on the importance ofahigher education.



!,         .




Test21.  





Task1


Imagine that you are preparing aproject with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want toread this text toyour friend. You have 1.5minutes toread the text silently, then be ready toread it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5minutes toreadit.



Acurious toy was created byagroup ofAmerican scientists. Its adog robot with artificial intelligence. Unlike dogs, there is no need tofeed it or walk with it. Avideo camera inside the robot allows it todistinguish colours and determine distances, two stereo tape-recorders help it toremember words, the sensitive sensors on its body provide the ability torespond tothe touches and change oftemperatures. The dog robot can jump, run, sit, lie and even wag its tail. Like any alive dog it can grow and be taught. At first the dog doesnt react well enough toyour commands. But as it grows it begins todistinguish up toforty different commands. It also acquires its own individual habits. The character ofthe dog is formed bythe owner. The electronic mind remembers the owners approval and disapproval. Like an alive dog it has its favourite and unloved places inthe flat. Bear inmind that if the owner doesnt pay attention tohis pet, it falls into depression.




Task2


Study the advertisement.








You are considering visiting the tattoo shop and youd like toget more information. In1.5minutes you are toask four direct questions tofind out the following:



1)working hours

2) if they have awebsite

3) if it hurts during the process

4) number oftemporary tattoos



You have 20seconds toask each question.




Task3



You are going togive an interview. You have toanswer five questions.

Give full answers tothe questions (23sentences).

Remember that you have 40seconds toanswer each question.




Typescript for Task3


Interviewer: Hello everybody! Its the Coking Together Club. Our guest today is ateenager from Russia and we are going todiscuss cooking traditions. Wed like toknow our guests point ofview on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, lets get started.



Interviewer: Who usually cooks inyour family?

Student: ____________________________________________



Interviewer: Whats your favourite dish?

Student:_____________________________________________



Interviewer: Do you have any traditional family recipes?

Student:_____________________________________________



Interviewer: How often do you eatout?

Student: _____________________________________________



Interviewer: Do you help your parents cook andwhy?

Student: _____________________________________________



Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.




Task4


Imagine that you and your friend are doing aproject Shops.

You have found some photos toillustrate it, but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave avoice message toyour friend explaining your choice ofthe photos and sharing some ideas about the project.

In2.5minutes, be readyto:



explain the choice ofthe illustrations for the project bybriefly describing them and noting the differences;

mention the advantages (12) ofthe two types ofshops;

mention the disadvantages (12) ofthe two types ofshops;

express your opinion on the subject ofthe project which shop youd prefer andwhy.








You will speak for not more than 3minutes (1215sentences). You have totalk continuously.




TEST22





 1. 


1.  6.       AF ,   17.   ,   ,   .      .    .    .



1.There is no need togo far tomake memories.

2. Work affects family holidays.

3. Nobody has ever taught me how totravel.

4. This world is too exciting tostay home.

5. Sometimes Id like tochange places with my clients.

6. New places can be hard tofind.

7. Negative side effects ofan excitingjob.

***



***

2.  . ,    G    (1 True),   (2 False)   ,        ,    (3 Not stated).       .    .



A.Steve didnt want tomeet Karen.

B. Steve wants Karen togive him some advice.

C. Steves host family lives close tohis future school.

D. Steve will have tobuy another mobile phone inRussia.

E. Karen was generally satisfied with Russian public transport.

F. Karen thinks buses are the best means oftransport inRussia.

G. Steve feels more confident after talking toKaren.



***

  .   39    1, 2 3,     .    .



3. Kims success as an actress makes her feel



1)extremely happy.

2) slightly uncomfortable.

3) abit nervous.



:



4. Kim thinks that actingis



1)her life priority.

2) away oflife.

3) just ajob.



:



5. One thing Kim and her heroine have incommon is their



1)life-partners occupation.

2) working time-tables.

3) love for kids.



:



6. Kim thinks that the most difficult thing for her and her husband isto



1)raise their children.

2) remain inthe spotlight.

3) find more time tobe together.



:



7. According toKim, her heroine and she are different intheir



1)backgrounds.

2) public life.

3) personalities.



:



8. Hosting aTV show for Kimis



1)along-time ambition.

2) away tolearn anew skill.

3) ameans torelax from her sitcom work.



:



9. Kim hopes tointroduce peoplewho



1)write about poverty.

2) deal with world problems.

3) work with volunteers.



:



   19     1!      ,   .     12   ,    .         .




 2. 


10.     AG  18.    .      .     .



1. Time toRelax

2. Safety First

3. Exciting Prospect

4. Addictive Pastime

5. Positive Results

6. Rewarding Hobby

7. Discovering the World

8. Changing Influence



A. Boating can be avery relaxing pastime. It isnt entirely limited tojust cruising around. You can also set up water-skis and enjoy water-skiing. While boating is fun, however, it is also ahobby where you need tobe very careful. Too many boaters die each year, mainly byfalling overboard and drowning. It is important that you use common sense as well as always take lifejackets withyou.

. Painting is one ofthe most relaxing pastimes. Most people take up painting inoils or watercolours, others start with acrylics or pastels, but whatever your choice, it will be the beginning ofavoyage ofdiscovery. When you look at things that are familiar toyou, youll see them inadifferent light. Learning something new almost every day will encourage you tokeep going.

C. Fishing can be enjoyed at any age, individually or ingroups, with little more investment than acane pole and afew hooks. Within an hour from most homes, there is usually aplace tofish. Perhaps the greaTest appeal infishing is the opportunity toget outdoors and have arest. Its an enjoyable pastime that can be used as away toclear your head and forget about everyday problems.

D. For centuries gardening has been an extremely popular pastime across the British Isles and here you can find some ofthe most superb garden exhibits inthe world. For countless people, gardening offers apeaceful and relaxing pastime that can create some very picturesque or beneficial results, depending on the kind ofgardening taken up. Caring for your own garden will bring enjoyment and save you money at the grocery store.

E. Parents and teachers worry about games having negative effects on children and agreat deal has been written about games leading toviolent behaviour and addiction. However, not everything about gaming is negative. Games help children who are ill or have injuries. Absorption inagame distracts the mind from pain and discomfort. Many hospitals are encouraging children and others undergoing painful treatments toplay games.

F. Inthese virtual worlds, you can choose an avatar or character that represents you. The latest games offer the ability tocustomize these characters inunlimited ways; you can change your characters hairstyle, facial features, size, weight, and clothing. How about the ability tochange your voice tomatch your online personality? That is currently not astandard feature ingames but technology will provide asolution.

G. Gaming is enjoying arevolution. Not just inthe fact that it is agrowing business initself, but also that it is rapidly becoming aleading means for communication and social interaction among people from all over the world. Young adults are at the forefront ofthe future for gaming and recent research shows that the role ofgaming inyoung adults lives is evolving rapidly.




***

11.     AF  ,   17.    17.  ,    , .




HealthSpa


The health and fitness ofthe UK population is aregular topic on national news and many ofus are strongly aware ofthe need toadopt ahealthy lifestyle. From eating the right things including our five pieces offruit or vegetables aday togetting enough exercise, ___(A).



Those inthe health professions make continuous pleas tous toexercise more and cook healthy, nutritious meals yet the public replies that ___ (B). Work and family commitments take priority and if theres any time spare then going toagym is often the last thing on peoples minds.



Health spa is aterm that surely appeals greatly and with the rising popularity ofspa amongst men and women it would seem that the industry has come up with awinning combination. Statistics reveal that the spa industry is growing faster ___ (C). It offers so much opportunity that many are diving inwith both feet tomake the most ofthis market.



But why is spa so popular? With todays hectic lifestyles, the idea ofretreating toahaven ofpeace and relaxation sounds like total luxury. Professional, friendly therapists are ready togreet you and listen toyour needs ___ (D). Add tothis our desire tohold back the years and look forever young, its no doubt were booking and staying at more spa resorts ___(E).



Choosing what treatments tohave during your spa visit can be atricky choice. Like reading amenu ina5-star restaurant youll find the choices staggering as words such as relaxing, revitalising, refreshing and moisturising jump out from all over the pages with promises ofsoothing away all aches, pains and wrinkles. Location is also an important consideration and many independent hotels have excellent spa facilities ___(F).



1. that you cant miss this opportunity

2. while also benefiting from superb positions

3. than ever before

4. there is no time within their already overloaded schedules

5. as you discuss the very tempting treatmentmenu

6. there are whole host ofthings todo tokeep us healthy

7. than the fitness industry




***

    1218.        1, 2, 3 4,     .




Inthe Nick ofTime


Jason Noorthoek Jr. didnt want togo outside. It was pitch-black, and he was afraid there might be coyotes as big as pigs. But the 12-year-old didnt have achoice. His mother, Brenda, was worried about his father and demanded he go. Every evening after he got home from work, Jason Noorthoek Sr. worked on cars inthe driveway, but on this night he had tofix Brendas car, which had been stalling for days. Usually, Brenda heard her husband come inand out ofthe house togather his tools, but not tonight. She hadnt heard athing for at least an hour. Go and find him, she told Jason and his sister, Jamie.

It was achilly October night with just ten days left until Halloween. Inthe darkness, the two kids edged towards the Buick. Jason waved atiny flashlight from side toside. Dad? Dad? he called into the shadows. Jason? It was his father, but his voice sounded different. He talked slowly, inaway that Jason would later describe as hurt.

Earlier that evening, as the sun was just about toset, Noorthoek diagnosed the Buicks problem: afaulty fuel pump. That meant hed have toget underneath the car. Normally, hed use ajack tolift it, but it was getting dark and he wasnt dressed warmly, so tospeed things up, he used the forklift hed recently bought for his salvage business.

Noorthoek slid the forks under the Buicks back bumper and then raised the car until its back end was two feet off the ground. After he crawled under the car, he saw that the forklift had bent the exhaust pipe. He gave the pipe akick tobend it back into shape. Im always the first one topreach safety, he says, thinking back on the one precaution he forgot totake. Noorthoek didnt place blocks infront ofthe cars front tires tokeep it from rolling forward off the forks. Which is exactly what it did after he gave the exhaust pipe acouple more kicks.

Jason saw his dads feet sticking out from underneath the car. Bynow, Noorthoek had been trapped for almost an hour, with the crooked exhaust pipe pushing into his chest. Unable totake afull breath, he shivered inthe cold and drifted inand out ofconsciousness. Jamie ran into the house and told her mother tocall for help.

Jason knew that his mother and sister couldnt lift the four-door sedan, but that didnt stop them from trying. When it didnt budge, the two started topanic. Calm down. Itll be okay, Jason said softly.

The sixth grader had driven the forklift only once before, and hed nearly smashed it into aparked car. At 90pounds, he didnt have the strength todepress the 10,000-pound vehicles brakes. Ever since, hed been afraid toget back on. But now Jason couldnt afford tobe scared. He climbed on and started it up. Every time he turned the ignition key, it pushed the car forward onto me, his father says. Ikept saying, Neutral! Neutral!

Jason figured out the machines complicated gearshift and moved it into neutral as he slid the forks under the car. He pulled alever, and the Buick started torise. Finally, the tires were off the ground and Noorthoek could breathe again for amoment. Like his dad, Jason forgot toput blocks infront ofthe tires. As the back end ofthe car rose into the air, the car rolled forward again and crashed back onto Noorthoek.

Desperate now, Jason pulled the forklifts lever once more. Again, the Buick started tocome off the ground, but this time, for whatever reason, the front tires didnt roll and the car remained suspended intheair.

Minutes later, Townships fire chief, Mike Rexford, arrived. Noorthoek lay under the car, ashen but breathing. His internal injuries were minor, but, according toRexford, his situation was perilous. The outcomes never been this good, he now says. How long could he have lasted like that?

It wasnt until his dad was loaded into an ambulance that the magnitude ofthe nights events caught up with Jason. Itold him he probably saved his father, says Rexford. Jason broke down and started tosob.

His father was released from the hospital early the next morning. Ididnt stop shaking until Igot home, Noorthoek says. Jason says one happy change has come out ofthe accident: he gets tospend more time with his dad. Jason Sr., who hasnt touched acar since the Buick fell on him, often spends evenings with Jason playing video games.



12. Jason Noorthoek Jr. had togo outside inthe evening because



1)his mother made himgo.

2) his father asked him tohelp.

3) he was worried about his father.

4) he wanted tosave his fathers life.



:



13. Noorthoek was trapped under the car because



1)the fuel pump was out oforder.

2) the forklift had bent the exhaustpipe

3) the car rolled off the forks.

4) the blocks were too small.



:



14. Jason was afraid todrive aforklift because



1)he had never done it before.

2) he was not strong enough todepress the brakes.

3) he didnt want tohurt his father.

4) he had barely had an accident.



:

15. Jasons first attempt was unsuccessful because



1)he hadnt moved the machines gearshift into neutral.

2) he hadnt taken the necessary precaution.

3) the back end ofthe car rose into theair.

4) he pulled awrong lever.



:



16. Inparagraph 10perilous means



1)difficult.

2) unpredictable.

3) dangerous.

4) tricky.



:



17. After his fathers rescue Jason



1)couldnt sleep.

2) broke down the forklift.

3) couldnt help crying.

4) was very tired.



:



18. After the accident JasonSr



1)works more carefully with cars.

2) wants tosell the Buick.

3) plays board games.

4) spends more time with hisson.



:



   1018      1!      ,   .     1011   ,    .         .




 3.  



   . ,  , ,     ,   1924, ,      .    .       1924.




Choosing aCareer


19. Jane had always wanted tobe anurse and help people inneed. Her father, however, thought that nursing ___________ asuitable profession forher infuture.

NORBE



20. When she left school, she  ajob as adoctors receptionist.

OFFER



21. Jane  totake the job, so she decided totalk toher friend Ann about what she shoulddo.

NOTWANT



22. When Jane came toAnns house, Ann met her inthe garden. Hello, Jane! I_________ some gardening. You look so unhappy! What are you thinking about?

DO



23. While Jane  her problem, Anns mother shouted tothe girls tocome over.

EXPLAIN



24. She said that Anns father  an accident and he was inhospital.

HAVE



***

   .  ,     ,   2529,   ,       .    .       2529.




Edinburgh


25. Edinburgh is one ofthe most written-about cities on earth. Built on ancient volcanoes and first established because ofits secure and  position, the capital ofScotland has become acrossroads.

DEFENCE



26.  everyone who comes toScotland today spends some time inthis city.

PRACTICAL



27. Edinburgh is the second most popular tourist destination inGreat Britain and its not hard tosee why. Its midsummer  festival is one ofthe biggest inthe world.

NATION



28. Edinburgh is adelight toexplore on foot: most ofits  are contained within acompact central area.

ATTRACT



29. With streets steeped inhistory and a cultural scene, Edinburgh offers the perfect balance between traditional and contemporary things.

THRIVE




***

  ,   3036.     3036,     .     1, 2, 3 4,     .




The Archipelago


Inthe remote southern seas there is acluster ofislands. Each island is inhabited byadifferent race ofpeople. Although physically they look alike, you can tell them 30 bytheir styles ofdress and their distinctive dialects. Each island has its own unique form ofarchitecture. The only similarity between them is that each race builds inamanner that is 31 odds with the environment. On rocky hillsides there are wooden huts and inwooded valleys you can see towns ofbrick. Arid uplands are irrigated and planted with leafy gardens, whereas, on fertile plains, the parks are paved with stone. 32 their differences, the islanders coexist peacefully. There is rivalry over certain fishing waters but it rarely 33 tomore than afew heated exchanges.

At the centre ofthe archipelago, perhaps inthe most favoured spot ofall, lies an island that has been deserted for many generations. It looks very different from the rest: darker, taller, silent. There is no obvious reason 34 its abandonment as it has good soil and plenty offreshwater.

Long ago, it was inhabited byfarmers and fishermen much like everywhere else inthe archipelago, but everything changed when they started building the first wall. As soon as it was finished asecond circle ofbattlements began torise from the centre, slightly narrower than the one before, so that from faraway the island 35 an enormous wedding cake.

Nobody can explain why the wall was started but there are many theories as towhy it was never finished. Some say that so many had perished during its construction, that no one dared halt the work and thereby admit that it had all been invain. Others claim that the builders simply 36 out ofmaterials. But one thing is certain, the predicted threat never arrived and the people at the centre ofthe archipelago had, quite simply, bricked themselvesin.








   1936      1!      ,   .     1929   ,    .           .



,         .




 4. 


   3738   2.           .    3738   ,       ,    2.      .        .   ,   ,   , .    37  2        .



37. You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary:



From: Mary @mail.uk

To: Russian_friend@oge.ru

Subject: School



Ihope everything is fine at school. Whats your regular school day this year like? What is your favourite school subject, and why? What afterschool clubs do you plan tojoin this year, if any atall?



Ive got anewpet



Write an email toMary.

Inyour message:



answer his questions;

ask 3questions about her newpet.



Write 100140words.

Remember the rules ofemail writing.



***

      (38.1 38.2),      2   .    38  .



38.1Imagine that you are doing aproject on why teens have tolearn traffic laws inZetland. You have found some data on the subject the results ofvarious polls (see the table below).



Comment on the data inthe table and give your opinion on the subject ofthe project.



The opinion poll question:

Why are you learning traffic laws?








Write 200250words.



Use the following plan:

make an opening statement on the subject ofthe project;

select and report 23facts;

make 12comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

outline aproblem that can arise with learning traffic laws and suggest away ofsolvingit;

conclude bygiving and explaining your opinion on the importance oflearning traffic laws.



***

38.2Imagine that you are doing aproject on what, according toteens, population growth inZetland can lead to. You have found some data on the subject the results f the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).



Comment on the data inthe pie chart and give your opinion on the subject ofthe project.



The opinion poll question:

What do you think population growth can leadto?








Write 200250words.



Use the following plan:

make an opening statement on the subject ofthe project;

select and report 23facts;

make 12comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

outline aproblem that one can face with overpopulation and suggest away ofsolvingit;

conclude bygiving and explaining your opinion on the importance ofpopulation growth control.



!,         .




Test22.  





Task1


Imagine that you are preparing aproject with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation, and you want toread this text toyour friend. You have 1.5minutes toread the text silently, then be ready toread it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5minutes toreadit.



Scientists say that inthe future people will live longer. With healthier lifestyles and better medical care the average person will live tolOO. But thats tomorrow. And today, we continue tostuff ourselves with fast food. What is tasty is not always healthy. Doctors say that chips and pizzas are fattening, cola spoils our teeth and coffee shortens our lives. If we eat too much, it will lead toheart disease and other serious illnesses. But the world today is getting fatter and fatter. Lack ofexercise is another serious problem. We spend hours infront ofour computers and TV-sets. Few ofus do morning exercises. We walk less, because we prefer touse cars or public transport. Its common knowledge that smoking and drinking can shorten our lives dramatically. Yet many young people smoke and drink. We all know that the healthier we are, the better we feel. The better we feel, the longer we live. So why not take care ofourselves?




Task2


Study the advertisement.








You are considering buying askateboard and youd like toget more information. In1.5minutes you are toask four direct questions tofind out the following:



1)if there are extra wheels inthekit

2) afree delivery service

3) country producer

4) availability ofother colors ofthe skateboard



You have 20seconds toask each question.




Task3



You are going togive an interview. You have toanswer five questions.

Give full answers tothe questions (23sentences).

Remember that you have 40seconds toanswer each question.




Typescript for Task3


Interviewer: Hello everybody! Its the Club TV World. Our guest today is ateenager from Russia and we are going todiscuss modern TV. Wed like toknow our guests point ofview on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, lets get started.



Electronic assistant: How often do you watchTV?

Student: _______________________



Electronic assistant: How can TV be harmful toyour health?

Student: _______________________



Electronic assistant: What are your favourite TV programs?

Student: _______________________



Electronic assistant: Why do you think many people prefer watching TV at home togoing tothe cinema?

Student: _______________________



Electronic assistant: Inwhat way can programmes inEnglish improve students knowledge ofEnglish?

Student: _______________________



Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.




Task4


Imagine that you and your friend are doing aproject National Songs.

You have found some photos toillustrate it, but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave avoice message toyour friend explaining your choice ofthe photos and sharing some ideas about the project.

In2.5minutes, be readyto:



explain the choice ofthe illustrations for the project bybriefly describing them and noting the differences;

mention the advantages (12) ofthe two typesof;

mention the disadvantages (12) ofthe two types oflearning and performing national songs;

express your opinion on the subject ofthe project whether you know and perform national songs andwhy.








You will speak for not more than 3minutes (1215sentences). You have totalk continuously.




TEST23





 1. 


1.  6.       AF ,   17.   ,   ,   .      .    .    .



1.There are more minuses than pluses about changing schools.

2. Your experience ofchanging schools will depend on your personality.

3. Your marks can become worse if you change schools.

4. There are alot ofadvantages about changing schools.

5. You can prepare better for your exams if you change schools.

6. Changing schools can be achance toimprove your life.

7. When changing schools, its hard toleave your past behind.

***



***

2.  . ,    G    (1 True),   (2 False)   ,        ,    (3 Not stated).       .    .



A.The young man thinks he can choose apresent himself.

B. The man is choosing apresent for his mothers birthday.

C. The man doesnt want tospend too much on the present.

D. The man doesnt think agift certificate is agood idea.

E. The shop assistant thinks apresent would be better than an experience.

F. The young mans girlfriend has aprofile inIn-m.

G. The young man often buys flowers tohis girlfriend.



***

  .   39    1, 2 3,     .    .



3. The presenter introduces Bob Thomasas



1)an outdoor lover.

2) abusinessman.

3) afisherman.



:



4. Bobs company was foundedby



1)himself.

2) him and his brother.

3) his father.



:



5. Bob started working on fishing gear



1)ten yearsago.

2) when he was avery young child.

3) when he needed summer money.



:



6. Bob liked it that his father



1)spent alot oftime with his children.

2) taught him tofish and hunt.

3) had asuccessful company.



:



7. Bob remembers that their family trips toFlorida



1)were very uncomfortable.

2) cost alot ofmoney.

3) taught him alot.



:



8. Bob believes that as afatherhe



1)needs totry hard tobe like his owndad.

2) shouldnt follow his fathers example.

3) needs tospend more time with his family.



:

9. Bobs words ofwisdom referto



1)his business.

2) nature.

3) family affairs.



:



   19     1!      ,   .     12   ,    .         .




 2. 


10.     AG  18.    .      .     .



1. Future Rescuers

2. Origin ofthe Superstition

3. Risky Sport

4. Oldest Creatures

5. DiscreditedMyth

6. DistressCall

7. Visible Obstacle

8. Significant Difference



A. When men first flew inspace, they were amazed todiscover that the only men-made object visible from orbit was the Great Wall ofChina. This is anice idea, but its not true. The Great Wall is mostly grey stone inagrey landscape and, infact, is very difficult tosee even from an aeroplane flying at amere 15kilometres above. What can be seen when orbiting the earth are the fires ofAfrican desert people and the lights offishing boats off Japan.

. The term Mayday is an internationally recognized radio signal which is only used when aship is ingreat danger and needs help immediately. The signal is transmitted on awavelength of2.182kHz, which is permanently monitored byrescue services on the shore. The use ofthis expression has avery straightforward explanation. It came from the French phrase maidez, which means helpme.

. In1700, Henri Misson, aFrenchman visiting Britain, asked villagers why they had horseshoes nailed above their doors. They said it was tokeep witches away. Horseshoes are made ofiron and the strength ofthe iron was thought toprotect from evil. Still today they are thought tobring good luck and many brides carry silver ones at their weddings. The position ofthe horseshoe is very important. It must point upwards like acup so that the luck cannot fallout.

D. Women generally live about six years longer than men. Evidence suggests that boys are the weaker sex at birth, which means that more die ininfancy. Also, women do not have as much heart disease as men. Interms oflifestyle, men smoke more than women and thus more die ofsmoking-related diseases. Also, they generally have more dangerous occupations, such as building work.

E. Scientists say that rats can help look for earthquake survivors buried inthe ruined buildings. Dogs are already used tosearch for people, but rats can be even more useful. Like dogs theyve got agreat sense ofsmell, but scientists still need totrain rats tosniff out people and tocarry special radio transmitters tolet them know when the survivor is found. Rats may also be trained tofind bombs or explosives.

F. Dinosaurs roared for about 150million years before they disappeared. We humans have only been around for about 2million years. But cockroaches are 350million years old and still going strong! Cockroaches can survive inextreme conditions. They can be frozen, then thawed, and walk away as if nothing had happened. They can go for incredibly long time without eating anything. And that is the secret oftheir success!

G. Founded in1980, BASE jumping grew out ofskydiving. But BASE jumping is much more dangerous than skydiving that is why it is banned inmany countries. Legal jumps now happen on specific days and from approved structures. However, like other extreme sports, its the risk ofdisaster that makes BASE jumping so exciting.

***




***

11.     AF  ,   17.    17.  ,    , .




Clothing


Clothing is adistinctly human artefact. Even more than the use oftools, it distinguishes humans from the other creatures on this planet. The basic purpose ofclothing was originally practical. Byputting on askin, humans were able tomove into regions ___ (A). An example ofthis use ofclothing can be seen among the Eskimos, and other people who live with extreme cold. However, clothing was not only used for protection, but has also been ameans ofdisplaying ones status. Thus, clothing also developed incountries ___(B).



Clothing tells us many things about the wearer. It can be used toindicate ___ (C). The most extreme example ofthis type ofclothing is auniform.



Adress code is very important inbusiness. It is arare businessman ___(D).



Most politicians also try tobe neat and well-dressed.



The significance ofwhat we wear is becoming more important ___ (E). There have been cases on holiday islands where the locals have been outraged byforeign visitors especially female visitors who wear far less than the minimum that the locals consider decent. Actually, the signals given byclothing as worn bymen and women have decreased ___ (F). For example, today most women are very comfortable wearing jeans. Yet the sight ofaman inadress would raise eyebrows inmost western cultures.



Clothing is very important inour society. So it is highly unlikely that there will be no use for clothing inthe future, unless humanity evolves into acompletely new species.



1. where there is no real practical need forit

2. because more people started tofollow fashion

3. who does not feel the need towear asuit andtie

4. where they otherwise would have been unable tocope with the climate

5. because many women now wear what were once mens clothes

6. as the cultures ofthe worldmix

7. whether aperson is amember ofaparticular group or organisation

***




***

    1218.        1, 2, 3 4,     .




The Open Window


My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel, said avery self-possessed young lady offifteen; inthe meantime you must try and put up withme.

Framton Nuttel endeavoured tosay the correct something which should duly flatter the niece ofthe moment without unduly discounting the aunt that was tocome. Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on asuccession oftotal strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which he was supposed tobe undergoing.

Iknow how it will be, his sister had said when he was preparing tomigrate tothis rural retreat; you will bury yourself down there and not speak toaliving soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. Ishall just give you letters ofintroduction toall the people Iknow there. Some ofthem, as far as Ican remember, were quite nice.

Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady towhom he was presenting one ofthe letters ofintroduction came into the nice division.

Do you know many ofthe people round here? asked the niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion.

Hardly asoul, said Framton. My sister was staying here, at the rectory, you know, some four years ago, and she gave me letters ofintroduction tosome ofthe people here.

He made the last statement inatone ofdistinct regret.

Then you know practically nothing about my aunt? pursued the self-possessed young lady.

Only her name and address, admitted the caller. He was wondering whether Mrs. Sappleton was inthe married or widowed state. An indefinable something about the room seemed tosuggest masculine habitation.

Her great tragedy happened just three years ago; that would be since your sisters time. You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an October afternoon, said the niece, indicating alarge French window that opened on toalawn.

It is quite warm for the time ofthe year, said Framton; but has that window got anything todo with the tragedy?

Out through that window, three years ago toaday, her husband and her two young brothers went off for their days shooting. They never came back. Incrossing the moor totheir favourite snipe-shooting ground they were all three engulfed inatreacherous piece ofbog. It had been that dreadful wet summer, you know, and places that were safe inother years gave way suddenly without warning. Their bodies were never recovered. That was the dreadful part ofit.

Here the childs voice lost its self-possessed note and became falteringly human. Poor aunt always thinks that they will come back someday, they and the little brown spaniel that was lost with them, and walk inat that window just as they used todo. That is why the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dusk. Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out, her husband with his white waterproof coat over his arm, and Ronnie, her youngest brother, singing Bertie, why do you bound? as he always did totease her, because she said it got on her nerves. Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evenings like this, Ialmost get acreepy feeling that they will all walk inthrough that window

She broke off with alittle shudder. It was arelief toFramton when the aunt bustled into the room with awhirl ofapologies for being late inmaking her appearance.

Ihope Vera has been amusing you? she said.




  .


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