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ISBN978-5-0059-2865-8

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 - ,     ,      ,     -   .   ,       .    ,      ,  -   .    ,    ,     ,    ,    ,   ,     .

   ,   ,   ,   .  ,     ,   .

   ,   ,     ,    ,      . ,       ,  .  - ,    ,        . .










     蠖     ,       -.

  14-    2       12   .  .

         .    ,      12  ,   , -,  ,    ,      ?         ,     .  ,  -   .   ,       ,      ,   ,   ,    12  .

 The Frequency ofThe Twelve Verb Tenses inAcademic Papers,  Uthman Alzuhairy, University ofCentral Florida, 2016.  Verb-form frequency inEnglish  Brno studies inEnglish, Volume8,  Jiri Kramsky, 1969.



  ,      ,      5  ,   5  .  5,     .  ,              .

         .     :



95%   5:

Present Simple 57,5%

Past Simple 19,7%

Future Simple8,5%

Present Perfect6%

Present Continuous5,1%



85%      : Past, Present Future Simple.



  ,  Present Perfect    ,   ,   .   ,   ,   ,    ,        Present Perfect,   .          .



  



  ,  ,    80000 15. ,    .       80000.     10003000,   4000.      ,   40-    ,    ,    , ,         ,   ,     ,   .

      1000 3000.    .  , , ,  젖 ,      .     ,  :       ,     . Ƞ  .    ,       .   -,   .      ,   .

*   *.  ,   ,    ,  ,   .      ,  -    .



       ,    .    10  ,    .     Present Perfect.     ,     : , ,    .



 , . ,      ,



 tobe




1.  


Tobe or not tobe 

     .


  tobe ,     .

 tobe , .

  tobe to . To ,       .

    tobe      .       .         ,   : , , .       ,  .    60 ,         ,    ,     .

 ,        .   ,    6 .       ,   tobe.     .

Ѡ tobe     - ,    ,      ,    . - ,     .



    : am, is, are, was, were, willbe.

      : , , , , , , , , , . Ƞ    .          :



  9

 

  



       .

, ,  :   ,   :  .

    tobe. Ƞ   :   頖 Acar is yellow   .     ࠖ ayellow car,  .

   : Acar yellow, : Acarisyellow.

   : Iadoctor, : Iam adoctor.

   :  , :  / . Ahat is orange.

-:  15, -:   15Iam15.

-:  . -:  . Mom is beautiful.

-:   . -:    젖 This computer isnew.

-:   . -:    젖 This lion is huge.

  .    ?     :  ,       ,    .      ,   .         .  : Aboy IS strong,      ,   , ,      :   ,   ,    is?     --, , ?       .

     -  :   ! Ƞ   , ,     .   ,   

    ,       ,      ,     .      ,      ,   .



      .



   ,   tobe,      .      ,     ,    ,   tobe  .      : , .    :  .  ,     : , , , ,     , ,   .   :    , , .   tobe      ,     .

  Tobe    ,      ,    , .  ,     .






https://disk.yandex.ru/i/03hGxLIgbnEPYA (https://disk.yandex.ru/i/03hGxLIgbnEPYA)



  Tobe , , . QR-        ,       .



     ,  ,   tobe    .

		I
		He
		She
		It
		They
		We
		You  (.   )



      ,     tobe  ,  ࠫ     ,   ࠫ   .   you , ࠫ   .


   堖  . ,       . ,     ,  .  ,    ,       .   cook     ,  ,      .    : Iam cook,  ,     . ,      ,    ,  .



      .



 I am. Am    (I)   .

  am? Am  /, ,        . Ƞ            .



   /   젖 Iam brave

   /   젖 Iamkind



 she is, he is, itis



Is   /. Is Am  ,     ࠖ  be. , is am      ,   , ,   ,         . Is , am .    ,  am    I(), is c he, she, it,     ,   :



He is funny    /  

Adog is funny    /  

Amovie is funny    /  

Abook is funny    /  



   ,    堖  .   ,   , 렖 ?  ?   ,      ,    is. Atableis



Atable is black   

The Moon is yellow   

Tea is sweet   



       .  -  - ,   is.



 .



They are 

We are 

You are /



  are?  /,          .



Two dancers are tall    /   My daughters are nice    /   We are the champions   



: am, is, are    be,   - ,    : /. Am, is, are    .



You are sweet    ( )  

The weather is fine    ( )

Adog is friendly    ( )



  .     tobe   :

/蠖 was were.

Ѡ   was:



Iwas 

He was 

She was 

It was 



젖 were

They were 

We were 

You were  /



렖 was 蠖were



Iwas at the club   

She was at the theatre   

We were there  

His friend was busy    



,      tobe   .

We were there   ,    ࠖ  .

Ƞ      :    /  . ,   ,     .      ,      .



   tobe  :



My children were at the movies    . Were,     . They were inthe movies.

My dog was inthe yard    . Was,    .  , ,   .

His article was inthe newspaper    .



, .

    ࠖ will willbe.



ʠ    will be,   will     ,    . - ,    will will be   ,   .     ,   will willbe.



         will willbe:



I will/will be 

He will/will be  

She will/will be  

It will/will be  

They will/will be  

We will/will be  

You will/will be  



Will be   , ,    : .



  젖 Iwill be adoctor

  젖 She will be acosmonaut

  蠖 Parents will be actors

      .  : , , .

 will be    :

Masha will be at 7   7

Zuhra will be inthe park   



 will ,    .   ,     -. Will      :



They will go   (  )

Iwill always love Moscow     

She will know   (  )



Will    .      will .  ,       will . Sara will go   .



 will,    ,     .  , ,     .



Iwill be rich    ,    .

Iwill be here    ,    .



  ,  will      .

,     -:  ,    Iwill draw   .   Iwill be draw    ,    , will   ,     .

      will will be.       , :   ,  : They will be at the university.

Ƞ  :    ,  , .

: They will be work       .    They will work   .



.     ,     , ,    willbe.

Will be 

Iwill be at school     (  )

She will be at 7pm    7 (  7)

Our movie will be at 10pm     10.    10.

      ,   tobe,     will:

Iwill drive   (  )

He will visit his family     (    )



,        ,       .        ,   will   ,   .     ,   ,    ,   . ,     ,      .       ,        .       .



  :

Cows will be free   , :    

My bird will be the best    , :     

He will be adriver   , :    .

Sara will be with them   , :    .



    ,  King will dance   ,  ,  be  . King will be dance    ?   :  蠫    .  will    ,      ,    .       .  ,  ?Wtf?



    tobe



     .     ( ).

 頖   .   .  ,    ,    not    .        :   ,    :



She is not my father    . (   , ,   )

He is not my coach     (  )

My car is not big     (  )

My dogs are not small     (  )

Iam not agirl, not yet awoman   ,  



    tobe   .    .

Are you aspiderman?   -? ( -?)

Is your mother acop?    ? (  ?)

Am Iyour daughter?    ? (  ?)



   /      .    ,         .



       .           .    ,    will  ,   ,  ,   .     .         .  ,       , , , . Ƞ   ,      ,  , 蠫 .   ,     do/does/have/is/will be  .  ,   , .




2.  


      


 ,    tobe.  ,    Iam ablogger,     Iam blogger,     ࠫ?



蠖   .   ,    ,       .   a, an the.

 -,   .  ,   ,   ,     ,  ,  ,   .



A   , , -

An  ,  a, , , -,     ,   ,   : an apple  , aapple 

The    .  the  

This , that , those   .



 ,    ,  :    ?      Isit inacaf     ,   ,     .    :   ,   .     ,   ⠫  ⠫  ,      .

,  ,   ,     ,    ,         ,   .



   : ,       .

 ?



John, Iwas sitting inacaf and was writing my book.

What caf?



 ,        a.      , ?       .



      ,      :

-      .   :



,       .

 ?



,   ,     ,   ,      .  :   .      .     . ,   ,    , , ,  ,   ,  .

   ,        ,    .      .  ,  ,       ,    .

, , ,     ,      ,    ,  , error, error.

     :

abook  / ,   

the book   ,    ,   .

  ,      ,   : abook.   :  ?  .

, ,  :     . Iread the book.   ,     .  :  , ,    -  . Ƞ.

  :    ,    ,   the.

  ,     ,   : ,  .         ,        .

       .

   ,   ,      .

/ a   , . ,         .     .

Ƞ ,     a one.

   Ihave adog  Ihave onedog.

 Ihave aphone  Ihave one phone.

  .



 n    a,      .  an ,  a, , ,   ,   an.

   , , .   ,     .  aan.

An apple apple , an hour hour [au?] , an honor [?n?] .    hour honor   ,   .

An umbrella    

An airport    



        ,  a/an      , ,        .      ,    .



Alaptop  

Adog  

Ahouse 

An elephant 



,   ,   ,   ,   : , , ,   .       a/an.    : this water  , this sand  .     :  ,  . ,     ,        . ,  : Iwant sometea   , Iwant some coffee   .  ,   atea, acoffee.    ,        .      :   ,   .     ,     ,   , ,  -.



Iwant acoffee  



         ,  ,         .   ,      .  ,    ,   ,   .       a.

Ibought agoat   .

  ,     ,  Vincent van Goat. Ƞ    .     .

Vincent van Goat loves strawberry     .

     :

My goat loves strawberry    

   :

This goat loves strawberry    .   the:

The goat loves strawberry     .

   ,     .

 a/anone:

Ibought one goat    ()

Ƞ  the my , his , her , their , our , this , that , those .     :  one   ,  ,     .

Ƞ,                   ,    .     ,         (   ,   ).      ,       .

 ,   agoat,  one goat.  ,  the goat   ,  my goat  .

     ,   .

    Agirl did not listen toher mother. One girl did not listen toher mother.      .    .          , ,  .

  ,             ,   ,    the  .

   ? Do you remember THE blogger?

  the  that: Do you remember that blogger?

 ,   the:



The friend that friend, this friend

The dress that dress, this dress

Thecats those cats, thesecats



,  the     ,   ,         . The coffee   , the sand   , the box   , the goat   .

       ,   ,    a/an  the. -,         ,     ,   .    ,      ,  Igo toschool, Igo toAschool.     -  ,     ,  .        . -,    , -,            ,   ,     .



.

        ,      . ,   :

,    ? Petrovna, did you take cinnamon buns?     ( ),   ,      .

  .

,     ? Did you take the cinnamon buns?   ,     ,    the.

   ,     : my, his, her, their, our    this, that, these, one.      ,   .

  ,    ,  .   tobe  .   蠖   .         . ,  ,     ,       . :   .      ,  :

Iput awatch on my hand/Iput awatch on ahand.

,   , ࠫ ,  .

        .

 



   ? , ,      ,    ,    .

       a/an (),  ,       .      .

Atables  ? Aphones  ?



Ibought oranges   .

,    ,     ,     ,   Ibought the oranges     .



 ,     (): , , ,    ,    :

Amoney  

Awater 

Ameat 

,  , ,    ,    .

,  . ,         ,    -   ,           .

      . , -,      , - ,   ,  .     -.  ,    . (  ,       ,  ,     .)



Ӡ    ,        .    ,     . Ƞ   .    .   ,      ,      .      ?

Lets go tocaf堖   (,    )

Wanna go tobeach?  ? (,     )

      .  , ,     ,       ?



  ,     ? .

     ,  , , .     .  ,  :

Article is good ( )

Thank you (,  )

Ƞ     article?    ?    the,    ,     . ,  ,  . , ,  ,     .  , .



 ,     ? , ,  ,       a. AMike Peterson.  :   .   ,    ,     .

    .    . Ƞ -  .  .      : Lift going down.

,  ,     ?   .   . ,  ,    !    ,    .       , ,    ,      ?   .      .   is ,   is going,   .



      .   ,      ,   .      ,      ,    ,    .   ,   ,      ,     ,     ,   ?



   



  . Ƞ      Ahot day, agood dog,   ,       . :

Ahot day   ,   .

Agood dog   ,   .



,   ,  ,   . Ƞ    an.

An old house  .

    house,      an,   old.

An interesting story   , an exciting moment   .

  ,        .   ,    .   :



The movie is beginning   ( )

Abeginning ofthe movie 



Beginning     .       beginning.   .   , ,  .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/anna-aleksandrovna-strekalovskaya/poyasnyau-za-inglish-68616357/chitat-onlayn/)  .

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