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  PDF A4    .





 

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 1:8


DAVID A. FIENSY, Ph.D.

NEW TESTAMENT INTRODUCTION



Copyright 1994 College Press Publishing Co.

Second printing, expanded, 1997

All Rights Reserved








       ,    , , 2022




 1

     





A.     323166.  .


: E.R. Bevan, The House of Ptolemy; Idem, The House of Seleucus; M. Cary, A History of the Greek World from 323146 B.C.; E. Eddy, The King is Dead; E. Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity; D.A. Fiensy, The Social History of Palestine in the Herodian Period; S. Freyne, Galilee from Alexander to Hadrian; M. Grant, From Alexander to Cleopatra; R.M. Haywood, Ancient Greece and the Near East; M. Hengel, Judaism and Hellenism; SVM; W.W. Tarn, Hellenistic Civilization; V. Tcherikover, Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews.

: 1  2  ; ,  ;  ,  .



          .   275   ..   ,         :    ,            .

        198.  ..,      ,  III.        .    .   ,   ,      .     ,    .             .

   IV    (),     175164.  ..     .     .             ,    ,    .         . ,   ,      .

    .    ,           ,   .       ,       ,      .

,     ,    .     III   ,   ,   ,     ,  .     IV  ,  ,        ,  174.  ..     .  , ,   .

            ,  .             ;         (. OCD  IDB).  ,    ,       .  -       ,     .  , ,       .

 171   ..         , ,       ,  .  ,      .

 168   ..       . ,    ,        .     ,     ,            ,     .    ,    ,         :  .      ,    , , ,     .

           .         .  ,  -      ,     .       .       . ,          .   ,      .

           . ,             ;            ;  ,   ,           .




B. 166-63.  .


: E. Bevan, Jerusalem Under the High Priests; E. Bickerman, From Ezra to the Last of the Maccabees; G.H. Box, Judaism in the Greek Period; S. Cohen, From Maccabees to Mishnah; W. Foerster, From the Exile to Christ; J.A. Goldstein, 1 Maccabees; Idem, 2 Maccabees; L.L. Grabbe, Judaism from Cyrus to Hadrian; M. Pearlman, The Maccabees; D.S. Russell, The Jews from Alexander to Herod; SVM; S. Zeitlen, The Rise and Fall of the Judean State.

: 1  2  ;  ,  ; NTB 116123.



            .    (  )        17   -  .            ,       -      , ,  ( [1 -        (167134.  ..),       .     .], ),   .

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 167   ..   IV   ,      .     .   ,        .         ,   ,     .      , ,   ,       .

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     .                 .          (1 . 2:47).           .

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 ,     ,  ,  ,  ,  ,      .       ,  ,   . , ,  ,             ,      .








         ,        ,    .         ,         ,   .    ,   , ,     ,   164   ..         ().

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    .     ,    ,  ,   .     ,      ,     ,     ,     .

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   142    ,   ,    .  , ,       .  ,       .

     II,  ,     .       .     (.. 586   ..)     .       .

  134       ,      ,  ,     134104   ..                ,    .      ,          ,    [2 -  ,      ( 13.288-98),     (.  66 ), ,    ,       ,    .    :   .    , ,  ,          IV (    ).            .].

  , ,   ,      .           .           ,         (586.  .., . 4. 24).

  (  10377.  ..),  ,     .           ,        .              ,               .      ,   . ,    ,    ,     .   800       .    8000     .   ,        ,     .

         (7768.  ..).      ,          II.       .    ,      .             .

 II    ,    ,  II,           (6863.  ..).          .

 64   ..      .   ,    II   II,    ,       .    , ,        .    ,  ,  , ,   ,       .        .         .    ,     .         ,      ,   .

       167   ..     63   ..      - : ,   .           ,            I  ..       ,             . ,  ,       ,    .         .  ,  100-      ,      .




C.


: M. Avi-Yonah, The Herodian Period (WHJP, VII); R.J. Bull, Caesarea Maritima  The Search for Herods City BAR 8/3 (1982) 2441; CAH Vol. X; H.W. Hoehner, Herod Antipas; A.H.M. Jones, The Herods of Judea; E. Netzer, Searching for Herods Tomb BAR 9/3 (1983) 3051; R. Otto, Herodes PW; S.H. Perrowne, The Life and Times of Herod the Great; Idem, The Later Herods; S. Sandmel, Herod: Profile of a Tyrant; SVM; Y. Yadin, Masada.

:  ;    ; NTB 127132.



    II   ,          .  ,         .  , ,      .     -,          .      ,       .

  (,      )        ,  .           ,         II.                ,            48.  ..     . ,           ,           ,    ,                  (?????????, epitropos) ,       .

            ,        .   ,   ,       .

      4930.  ..      .         ,      ( 44   ..)   ,    .               ,       .

  42   ..           ,    :   ,    .      ,       .      ,         ,               ,      .

 40  37   ..             ,          .     II  (  II),     ,      .   ,    ,   ,    .          ,    .    ,       ,          (. 21:17).  ,           (4037.  ..).

       ,      ,    .  38   ..    ,  .   ,   II,   37   ..   .         ,   .     .

         , , , ,     37  4   ..                 ,   .   ,           ,      ,   .   II   .   , ,    ,  III,   ,           ,  ,       . -,            ,  .     ,      .          :  III  35 ,  II  30 ,   29 ,    28   ..         ,       ,    IV.        .

      . ,       ,    .   ,     ,   (    )      .                  .              31   ..,              ,    .     .

   ,       ,      ,       .  ,        .  ,     ,       ,          .

      ,  ,  Pax Romana ( ).        68  .. ,     ,     ,   .         , , ,      (   ),      .  ,   20.  ..,                    66. ..

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        .    ,    IV,    7   ..                .  , ,     4   ..,       .   :     (???, hus),    (????, huios).

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     4.  ..  6. ..      ,    .  ,    ,       ,      .          I          .

   4.  ..  39. .. , ,    , ,        (. 13:32).    ,    ,  ,  ,    ,   .       ( 36. ..),         .

      .   (. 6:1728) ,        (   ),      .  ,    ,   ,     . ,        .

,     ,  .          .  ,    ,       .

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        ,   ,   ,    , ,    .   ,       .     ,  ,      (. 12:13).       ,     12:2023.

             .  , ,   -          44. ..      ,   53.  ,  II,         ,        93  ..     ,          26.  II      .




D.


: F.F. Bruce, New Testament History; W.R. Farmer, Maccabees, Zealots and Josephus; E. Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity; D.A. Fiensy, The Social History of Palestine in the Herodian Period; M. Hengel, The Zealots; R.A. Horsley and J.S. Hanson, Bandits, Prophets, and Messiahs; H. Kreissig, Die sozialen zusammenh?nge des jud?ischen Krieges; D. Rhoads, Israel in Revolution; S. Safrai and M. Stern, The Jewish People in the First Century; SVM; E.M. Smallwood, The Jews Under Roman Rule.

:  ,  ;    ; , ; NTB 133134.



 ,     41. ..,   44. ..   ,     .       :  (    ),  ( )   ( ).     ,       .

 , ,     [3 -         (. 2:13)     .       . SVM, Vol. I, Excursus I; R. Brown, The Birth of the Messiah, Appendix VII.].          .        , , ,       .       14  65        12  65     .     ,   , , ,      (. 12:1317).  ,    ,     ,   12%   (.  3).

    ,       [4 - , ,   , ,  .  6. ..      .        ,       .] ,   .  ,      ,   ,   ,           .   ,   ,       .          ,             , ,   66. ..    .

     .   (, ) ,       ,  ,        .  (, . [5 - .    Zealots and Sicarii, Their Origins and Relation, HTR 64 (1971) 1-19.    ( K. Lake and F. Jackson, Beginnings of Christianity).]) ,           .   ,  ,                   .

     ,       ,       .              ().      ,        (. 20:4).      -        .

    ,         .    ,        ,       ,     ?         ,  .         .

,       ,     (.  2  ),      .

 40. ..         ,     IV   .            (.  7)      ,      . , ,      .       .       ,   ,   I  ,   .            .      ,           .

 44. ..          .      ,         .     ,     ,         .                ,  .

  49. ..    ,          .     ,       ,       ,     .         .        .      ,      .

 52      ,      ,       .     ,          .          .          .

 , ,     .  , ,         .           60. ..,          .

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          ,  ,       (. 24:26).   ,    ,       : -   ,     ,   .

,  ,     (. 2526).    ,           ( ).    ,  ,      .      ,    ,      .         ,     .

  ,  , ,        .    ,     ,         . , ,   .  ,        ,   ,     .      .        .

  ,  ,  ,   .           .    ,      .     ,   .

,           ,    - .        .      .         ,  . 66  ..     .




E.   6673 (74) . .


: G. Cornfeld, Josephus: The Jewish War; R. Furneaux, The Roman Siege of Jerusalem; R.A. Horsley and J.S. Hanson, Bandits, Prophets and Messiahs; M. Hengel, The Zealots; D.M. Rhoads, Israel in Revolution; SVM; E.M. Smallwood, The Jews Under Roman Rule; Y. Yadin, Masada.

:  ,  ;  ,  ; NTB 138144.



   ,     .   ,          .        .            ,   ,   .       ,     , ,  ,    .   ,         (,    - ),         .

 ,            黠 ,         ,      ,         .

  ,        ,   :

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2) ???????? ??????.     ,            ,     ,     . ,   ,  , ,   , , ,  .  ,    ,     (. ),        .          .       .   ,     ,   -.

3) ??????????? ??????.      .  :  ,  ,     .     (),   -,       .  ,         ( 2.441, 4.153),  ,    ,      ( 5.459), ,       .

4) ?????????-????????????? ??????.   ,    ,       -   . ,         ,     .  ,  (  ; ),      ,      ,      .      ( 2.427),         ,    ( 375).      II    ;         .           .

,    ,    .              .        , ,        .             .                .          ,   .     .

     .         .        .            .          (   ).        .        .    ,       .           .           .

      67  ..          .            . ,   67         .

     .           ,    .       ,         . ,  ,      .     ,   -  ,       ,      .   ,         .     .

  ,      68  ..,     .        : ,   .         .  69  ..      ,     ,      .

 70. ..    .       .     ,        .              .      .

    ,         . ,  70  ..,     ,     .           20 ,        .     ,      ,  .     ,   ,         .            ,     .     .

       : ,    (    ).  ,  ,     .       ,    , ,      .       ,      .        :        .         ,       .

       ,     ,            .       ,  ,   .    ,        . ,   ,   73  74  ..   .




F.  


: J. Neusner, A Life of Yohanan ben Zakkai; Idem, First Century Judaism in Crisis; SVM; E.M. Smallwood, The Jews Under Roman Rule; S. Zeitlin, The Rise of the Judean State.

:  ;  ,  ;  ,  .



  6673 (74) . ..    ,      .  ,       .    ,     .             .     (),       .     ,          .

      .    ,   .  ,  4    2  , ,        .      .

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      .                 .             .         ,     .       .   ,     ,            ,     .       ,      .

   115  117. ..,         ,   .      , ,  ,   , ,      .     ,        . , ,               ,      .




G. -


: G. Alon, History of the Jews in Palestine in the Period of Mishnah and the Talmud; Y. Harkabi, The Bar Kokhba Syndrome; H. Mantel, The Causes of the Bar Kokba Revolt JQR 58 (19678) 22442, 27496; SVM; Y. Yadin, Bar Kochba.

:  ,  ; , I ;  ,  ;    (  P. Benoit, J.T. Milik, and R. de Vaux, Discoveries in the Judean Desert II); NTB 122124.



 ,      ,    132  135  ..,    ,   ,   .       ,       .            ,       . ,   ,   ,   ,     ,    66. ..     , , ,   .

     :            ,               - (    ,  ).           . , ,   ,   .         .        ,  ,    IV.

 ,            ,     ,   ,       .    ,     IV.   .

.  ,       ,    .     , .  ,        .   ,          ,     ,    - .

     .           ,   (. 24:17),  [6 - ,             ,       ,  .].   ,     ,     ,   .                   ,         .       ,      .     ,     ,            .     ,   .   () ,         ,       .

         ,    , ,   ,    . ,           .  , , ,           .

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  ,        ,      .       .

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   , -,     ().              .     138  ..    ,    IV          .




H.   


: P. Bilde, Flavius Josephus between Jerusalem and Rome; S.J.D. Cohen, Josephus in Galilee and Rome; L.H. Feldman and G. Hata, eds., Josephus, the Bible, and History; T. Rajak, Josephus; H. St. John Thackery, Josephus, the Man and the Historian; NTB 192195.



   (37100. ..?)    .      .    (16 )     ,            .  ,     ,       .

      66. ..    ,   .                  .

           ,      .         ,  ,           .         . , ,              .

           .  ,         ,       .     ,        -  .         ,      ,      ,     .  ,           .




 2

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A.





1.


: A. Edersheim, The Temple; E. Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity; D. Gowan, Bridge Between the Testaments; J. Jeremias, Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus; P. Levertoff, Sanhedrin ISBE o.s.; H. Mantel, Studies in the History of the Sanhedrin; S. Safrai, The Temple and the Divine Service WHJP, Vol. VII; E.P. Sanders, Judaism: Practice and Belief 63 b.c.e.66 C.E.; E.M. Smallwood, High Priests and Politics in Roman Palestine Journal of Theological Studies 13 (1962) 11434; M. Stern, Aspects of Jewish Society: The Priesthood and Other Classes The Jewish People in the First Century I. 2; W.F. Stinespring, Temple of Jerusalem IDB.

: . , . , . ;  ,  ;   ; NTB 174186, 207209, 124126.



        I  .. ,        ,      .        .   ,        ,    .

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        ,          .   (135?135 )       .       .        .

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        .    ,                    ,       .         .         .

              .       ,     ,    ,  .      ,    (.  3:1).








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        .   ,      ,   .   ,       .



   

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8. (-)

3. (-)

9. (-)

4. (-)

10. (-)

5. (-)

11. (-)

6. (-)

12. (-)




2.


: D.A. Fiensy, Prayers Alleged to be Jewish; J. Heineman, Prayer in the Talmud; J. Mann, The Bible as Read and Preached in the Old Synagogue; S. Safrai, The Synagogue in The Jewish People in the First Century; S. Sandmel, Judaism and Christian Beginnings; H. Shanks, Judaism in Stone.

:  ; ;    ; NTB 187194.



     .    ,      ,      ,        . ,      ,  ,    ,        ,      ,      I  ..,       .

      ,    [8 -   ,    , .         ,      .].     (.  7:7; . 13:14),    .       ,       ,      .         ,       ,    .

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,       I          .    ,   ,   ,        II  ..    I     ,  (      ,    )   .  ,   ,     ,   II ,      .  , ,      I ,    , ,       , ,    .




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   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/chitat-onlayn/?art=69874249)  .

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notes








1


       (167134.  ..),       .     .




2


 ,      ( 13.288-98),     (.  66 ), ,    ,       ,    .    :   .    , ,  ,          IV (    ).            .




3


        (. 2:13)     .       . SVM, Vol. I, Excursus I; R. Brown, The Birth of the Messiah, Appendix VII.




4


, ,   , ,  .  6. ..      .        ,       .




5


.    Zealots and Sicarii, Their Origins and Relation, HTR 64 (1971) 1-19.    ( K. Lake and F. Jackson, Beginnings of Christianity).




6


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7


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