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,  creative writing studies         ,     ,   ,    ,               [3 - .   : Creative writing studies:      //   . 5. 2023. . 76139.].

           ,    ,          ,  ,      (          ),         ,         ,      [4 - Can Creative Writing Really be Taught? Resisting Lore in Creative Writing Pedagogy / Ed. by S. Vaunderslica, R. Manery. London; Oxford; New York; New Delhi; Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2017. .     : Cowan A. Against Creative Writing. Against Creative Writing. Routlege, 2023.].  , creative writing studies   ,          : ,    ,  ,       .

     ,     .         , ,    ,     :  ,  - ,  . Creative writing studies     ,     .             ,    . ,       ,    , , ,      .

        ,    , , ,    ,                   .     creative writing      ,   ,         , .  ,   ,       ,    ,           ,         .

   creative writing studies       ,       2011 ,        Establishing Creative Writing Studies as an Academic Discipline[5 - Donnelly D. Establishing Creative Writing Studies as an Academic Discipline. Bristol, Buffalo, Toronto: Multilingual Matters, 2011.],             .  ,   , ,           ,    ,          ,   ,    ,    [6 - Mayers T. Creative Writing Studies: The Past Decade (and the Next) // Journal of Creative Writing Studies. 2016. Vol. 1. 1. Website ( : 14.10.2022).].

 2016         Creative Writing Studies Organization[7 - . https://creativewritingstudies.net (  25.08.2023).],     ,    ,   Journal of Creative Writing Studies. ,  ,        ,      [8 - . : New Writing: The International Journal for the Practice and Theory of Creative Writing (  2004 ); TEXT Journal (19972013); Writing and Pedagogy (  2009 ); Writing in Practice (  2015 ).].

         ,       [9 -   ,           ( ) ,      ,   ,   ;      .];           :       [10 - . :  . .   :     (19301934) //       . .:   , 2014. . 418467;  . .   :       //  :           ( 1880-  1930- ) / . . . . . .:   , 2012. . 494522;  . .       () //  . 2011. 29;  . .  -   -  1920- :      :  .    45.04.01 .   :    - . ., 2018;  . .   :       . .:  , 1999.],       creative writing studies. ,        ,    ,    .

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     (,   ),     ,      [11 -     creative writing      ,           ( . .     :  2 . /., . . . ,  . . . . .:  , 2021).].    ,           VIV    [12 -     /  . . . .: , 1978. . 32.    .:  . .     //  :     . .: , 1991.],            ( , , ),            .    ,       ,  ,       ,     ,   .       ,       :



.    -          ,       ,   - , ,          , , , ,    ,     , ,   ,     ?[13 - . . .: , 1989.  . . . . . 5657. .     . .: , 1978 ( . . ). . 6566.]


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      , ,     ,       :  ,  ,   .            . ,          .            ,  ,       ,     .   , ,          ,    ,                [14 - . :  .    : -  ,    . .: --, 2012. . 11, 63, 78;  .  -:   , , ,        . .: ,   , 2014. . 78;  . .    . .: , 2005. . 84, 118, 127  . .].  ,      :  ,      ,            De arte poetica ( ).

,     , ,    ,                ,       : Oratores fiunt, poetae nascuntur ( ,  ).  ,     ,     . , ,                  ,  ,      ,      ,     ,    .        ,             ,    ,     ,            .

,        ,              :       ,  XVII ,   ,           [15 -    .        . .: , 2012 (  . 1897). . 54.].      ,  ,       ,       [16 - .  . .    . . I //  . - . 1882. . 7. . 102103.]  , ,      ,    ,      .

             .    ,         ,        [17 - .:    XVIIXVIII . /. . . . . .: , 1988.],     [18 -    De arte poetica, . .               , . .                , . .      ,    . .     .           1920-    .:  . . -:        //   . 183 (5). 2023,  ).].               (     )       ,        ,   [19 -  . .     //  . .  . .: . , 1957. . 134139. ( ; 2- .)     XVIII    .   :  .     . . 3471.].             .               .          ,           X . ,    ,    ,     :         1563 ,   ,    ,    1784 ;           XVIII ,     XVIII   XIX .

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  ,                ,      ,              ,    ,   [20 -  .      //   . .: .  , 1859. . 6772 (          ,    ).].              [21 - .:  /  . . . . .: . , 1935. . 255256;  . .      18311838  //  . 1861. . 36. 12. . 724.].              .

      :                 XIX     ,     [22 -   creative writing   .: Graeme Harper. A Short History of Creative Writing in British Universities // Teaching Creative Writing / Ed. by H. Beck. Palgrave MacMillan, 2012; Jaillant L. Literary Rebels: A History of Creative Writers in Anglo-American Universities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.].                 ,  1890- ;                  ,       [23 - Myers D. G. The Elephants Teach: Creative Writing Since 1880. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2006.].

  XIX   X          ,    ,   [24 -     .   : The Technique of the Drama: A Statement of the Principles Involved in the Value of Dramatic Material, in the Construction of Plays, and in Dramatic Criticism (1892) by William Thomas Price; The Drama: Its Law and Its Technique (1898) by Elisabeth Morris; The Technique of the Novel: The Elements of the Art, Their Evolution and Present Use (1908) by Charles Horne; Writing the Short Story: A Practical Handbook on the Rise, Structure, Writing, and Sale of the Modern Short-Story (1909) by Joseph Esenwein; Harriott Fanslers Types of Prose Narratives: A Text-Book for the Story Writer (1911); Henry Phillipss The Plot of the Short Story (1912) and Art in Short Story Narration (1913); The Technique of the Mystery Story (1913) by Carolyn Wells; A Study of Narrative Technique in Folktales of Peoples of Varying Cultures (1926) by Robert Harris; Carl Grabos The Technique of the Novel (1928)    .: Tenen D. The Emergence of American Formalism // Modern Philology 117. 2 (November 2019). P. 269.],      ,     [25 - Ibid. P. 272.],   ,   1889 , ,     .  19201930-         [26 - ., : Babcock R. W., Horn R. D., English T. H. Creative writing for college students; asummary of the theory of exposition, argument, narration, and description; with a selective and illustrative anthology of college student themes and of selections from literature. New York: American Book Company, 1938; Ball W. D. Palmer institute of authorship. Hollywood, Calif (1924). Fundamentals of creative writing. Palmer Institute of Authorship; Blatchford R. (1925). English prose and how to write it (2nd ed.). Methuen & Co., Ltd.; Bridgart J. (1921). How to write short stories. The Writers Digest; Hunt C. (1934). Short Stories: How to Write Them. G. G. Harrap & Company Limited; Miller H. A. (1932). Creative writing of verse, a constructive study of poetry. American Book Company; Morland N. (1936). How to Write Detective Novels. G. Allen & Unwin Limited; Olsen U. G., Werby E. P., Houghton S. G. (Samuel G. & Burack A. S. (Abraham S.)) (1936). The Writers handbook.],        ,          .   ,   ,      ,      , ,        ,        .      creative writing     .

 1922             ,      ,   1936         Iowa Writing Workshop,     Master of Fine Arts[27 - Harper G. A Short History of Creative Writing in British Universities. P. 1214; DeWitt H. A Short History of Creative Writing in America // Ibid. P. 1920.].                  1960-   1970- .              1970      ,         1980- .

      creative writing      ,        : ,    Association of Writers and Writing Programs  2023 ,     1000   creative writing,              ,      (Magister of Fine Art)[28 - . https://www.awpwriter.org/guide/guide_writing_programs (  24.08.2023).     creative writing   . Myers D. G. The Rise of Creative Writing // Journal of the History of Ideas. Apr., 1993. Vol. 54. 2 (Apr., 1993). P. 290292; McGurl M. The Program Era: Postwar Fiction and the Rise of Creative Writing. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 2011. P. 2425; Melia M. Demand booming on college campuses for creative writing // Associated Press. 2017. April 7.].

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 ,    ,    .  1901          How to Write a Novel: A Practical Guide to the Art of Fiction,     :     [29 -   . . . . . .: . .   . , 1901.],         ,  ,  ,         .         ,     .  1907             ,   : 30 ,    ,          .        ,         [30 -  . .   ,   : 30 . .: , 1907.].           [31 -  . .    :   ,  ,          .     . : , 1911;  . .     : .     .         5   :  2 . /. . . , . . . . 4- ., . . .: . . . . , 1914;     / .  . ., 1908;  . .   ?       . . ,         , , ,   . .: . ., 1915.],     ,   .

      . .    1902    [32 -  [ . .].    // .   .  . 1902. 74. 17 .]    .  ,     (  )     ,    [33 -  . . .      // Europa Orientalis. 1999. . XVIII. 12.].  ,   1910- ,      ,        .     ,     ,        ,       , :  .               [34 -  [. . ]  . .  / . . . . .   . .  //  . . 98. . 2. . 402403.]  .   1910-   1920-        :      ,       [35 -  . .    / . . . .:  , 2018. . 117158.].        (),  ,   (),      ( ),  (  )  .                 (19181923)[36 -  . .      // . Rhema. 2020. 4. . 135162.          .],    -       ,   .

   1921      (      ,     ).        [37 - .: .     / .  . . . . . ., 1924.],    ,   :    .      ,         ; ,           .  ,        ,       ;  ,  . .          (., 1927).      . .    ,    ,      ,   ,    .    ,             ; ,               ,    .  1925 ,    ,    ,       (            ).  ,     (),     ,      ,     ( 1925  1929)    .

   1917         ,       ,                (19181926)[38 -  . .,  . .       . 19201932 . (     ) //   . 2021. . 61. . 189198.].

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 1930-       ,  ,        , , .          ,    ,   1950-   1960-                ,  ,      (    )   ,      (    ); ,      .            ,      ,   ,  ,     .

           ,      ,    ,  ,   ,      ,  .       ,      ,   1968 [42 -  :     . .: - , 2019.],  ,      : ,     ,    ,   .

  2010-     ,       -,      ,        , , , , -  -[43 -  .  .      // .. 2016. 30 . https://lenta.ru/articles/2016/01/30/creativewriting/;  .       //  daily. 2021. 10 . https://daily.afisha.ru/brain/18971-gde-v-rossii-uchat-byt-pisatelyami/.].        Creative Writing School (  2015 ),           ,     ,       ,  ,     , ,           ,      .

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   2017                  ,   ,   2019    ; 2022      .  2020    ( )   -  ; 2023           .

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-  , -,          .                .  ,          X ,        . ,                 ,     XVIII    1960-  (  .       ,  .   ,         ).    ,         ,     ,     .

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  -       . ,         creative writing       (18611862),      ,     ,      .      .      .   1910- :    铻 ,      .          ,  ,    -,     . ,               .        ,           1920-  (. , . , . , . ).

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          , ,   ;          ,   ,    , ,  ()     ,   ,   ,  ()  () ,  ()   () . .   , ,      -      ,  (     ,          ,   ),        ,   ,    .       :     ,  .    ,          (    )    ;  ,          [46 - ., : Translation and Creativity: Perspectives on Creative Writing and Translation Studies / Ed. by L. Loffredo, M. Perteghella. L.; N. Y.: Continuum, 2006. . : Sampson F. Creative translation // The Cambridge Companion to Creative Writing / Ed. by D. Morley, P. Nielsen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012; Perteghella M. Translation as Creative Writing // A Companion to Creative Writing / Ed. by G. Harper. Chichester, Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013; Rossi C. Literary translation and disciplinary boundaries: Creative writing and interdisciplinarity // The Routledge Handbook of Literary Translation / Ed. by K. Washbourne, B. Van Wyke. L.: Routledge, 2018; Zhao R.., Yang Y., Xu J. Translation and creative writing // Xu J. Dialogues on the Theory and Practice of Literary Translation. L.: Routledge, 2019; Xia F. Translation as creative writing practice // New Writing: The International Journal for the Practice and Theory of Creative Writing. Vol. 18. 2. 2021.]         Literary Translation: Translation as Creative Writing ( )[47 - https://courses.cornell.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=31&coid= 496864.], Literary Translation and Creative Writing (  )[48 - https://catalog.aup.edu/course/fr3400.]  Creative Writing (Literary Translation) ( )[49 - https://arts.princeton.edu/courses/creative-writing-literary-translation/.];   -    creative writing[50 - https://qcenglish.commons.gc.cuny.edu/graduate/mfa/.],       [51 - https://translation.uiowa.edu/graduate/mfa-literary-translation.],         [52 - https://www.uea.ac.uk/research/explore/the-translator-as-creative-writer.].     ;           , ,  ,   ,       ,  ,     .

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Creative writing studies,    ,    ,         .    ,      ,        ,      ,    ;  ,       ()  ,    ;     ,       ,    ;        .    ,  , , , , , ,  ,              creative writing studies. ,   .     ,    ,        ,        .      .










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      :           .   ,          ,         ,     . ,   ,  ,     , ,    (.  :        [80 -  . .    // . . : .  , , , . , 1926. . 79.]).             ,  , ,    ,     (:  ., 1853)    (18141882)    (: . .   ., 1848)    (18121858).       (,    )   ,     , ,           .    ,       ,       ,    ,  ,            ,   ,     . ,       ,  ,  , ,   . , ,    ,    ,  ,     (1846)    1991      ,   ,   ,     (      ).        ,  . .     ,         .    ,  ,      ,        .    ,        ,       -[81 -  . ., 1837. . 9. . 516. URL: https://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003822968#?page=514.   ,     - ,   . .    .  (         ,    , 1912),   . ,     . ,            .  ,  ()    (  )        .      ,             (. 2-. ., 1821. . 1. . CXXXI;  .      ).].       ,      ,     ,      ,   , ,         .

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 ,       (18151877)  (1863)       .   ,       ,      ,        .  ,                 (1874), ,  ,    .      ,  .             , ,   -,           [86 -  . . ., 1863. . [I].]. ,     ,      . ,     ,   ,   ,  ,  :      ,   ,   ,         ,  [87 -  . . 90.         ,   ,      .]. ,   ,          ,     .                   ,       .       ,           (,   ),      , ,  ,        .                   (1872),     ,        [88 -     ,     ,  ,             ( .         . .; ., 1872. . 7).    : M. ,    (1847);     ; A. ,      (1858, 3 ,        ,      ,  ,  ,   , . 3745); K. .  (18301911),      (1865, 2- . 1867;    ,  ,      ,       ,     - ,         ,   , . 133); . . ,      (1868, 5- . 1885)  . . ,            (1869, 7- . 1900).             . .  (18441883),  ,     (, 1875),    .         ,        . ,      ,         ,     :          ,  ,       (. 4041).        ,   ,     ,  . .]. ,    ,  ,       (            (1849),     : URL: https://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003561894#?page=1)[89 -      . .  (18391892),    ;     ,       ,        ,        ,        .   .                ,            ( . .  :     . ., 1883. . 8).].

     , ,      . . , ,     ,     .         ,     ,          <>[90 -  . .   :    . : .   . : . . ., 1873. . 3.    ,       . ,                 ( . .    . . 64). ,           ,        (1806),         .]. ,       ,                   .

       ,   ,          .   1902            (19011904)      (   ),           ,    ,   [91 - .:  . .      /. , . . . .  //  :   . , 2005. . 7476 (URL: https://www.litmir.me/bpr/?b=589792). ,     ,   :   :      / . . . . . .: . . , 1901.           ,          (18721948),      .].   M. ,                 ,          ,            [92 -  . . .  //  . .  . ., 2008. . 7. . 2. . 332333.        :  . .,  . .      //    . , 1981. . 12. . 98 (    . . 515).           .         ,         ,    18  1911  (.:        ( ) //  .  .      .  / .   . . . . ., 2014. . XIV. . 251; .     . .       , . 252266).              .     .         (., 1908)         .     ,         ,  ,  ,     ,     , ,    (. 9496).].          ,  1895 .             (18611919),   1887    1907     .                   . ,            ,    (1-   1889, 2-  1890),        ,   ,      ,          ,     ,           .        (1897)         2014 .

,      ,       [93 -     ,            ,      :     .  4000 .  . . -. ., 1902. , , ,     ,    . .,  , ,   ,            .      ,  ,          (: .  , 1902),     . .             ,         . ,  . . -       ,       (.:     . . 14).].       ,   1907          (,    )      ,    ,    ,             [94 -  . .  :   . ., 1993. . 158.].  ,      ,    ,           ,    ,  , ,       .         (18711940),    .          ,   ,   1910 ,     .            - ,             ,    (,           )[95 -  .   . ., 1910. . 15.].          : ,      ,   ,  ,     ,        ( : ,  :   . .)[96 -  . . 2223.].   ,  1912-,      : ( ), ,   . .   . . ,      .

     -    ,   .    (  )    1913 ,           ,   ,      ,            .    ,        1908 ,       ,         (    )[97 - .:    19081917- . .: . , 1974. . 300.],            .      , ,   ,    ,    ,  :    ,     ,          [98 -  .  . .: . . . , 1915. . 4.  (  ). . 96.              .   . , .:  - <. . >.   .  (  ),    .  //  . 1916. 7. . 12.].

         .    (1914)        .   . .   .   . , ,   . ,    . ,       ,            , ,         . [99 -  .     . .; .: . . , 1914. . 317318.].   ,       ,       ,        [100 -    . .   . .            . 18881972 (., 2019. . 1040).        , .:  .  //  . . .   :      . ., 1915. . XIIXIII;          .  ( . ., 1916. . 3960).].

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     ,   -  4- -    .                       (,    -       ).              ?       :  ,         , , ,    (1915),      .  ,             (1914).

    ,      ,  ,     (    )   . ,           , ,  .           . ,     :  .  ,  ,  ,         ,   :

		 .  .
		 ,  

(          [103 -  . .   .   ?       :  ,         ,   . .: . , [1916]. . 13  17.     (   )      . . ,          ,           . ,   :  ,   /      养 . . (.:     . . 12).]).         ,   ,    ,    ,    ,      .              ,    (, ),             . ,         [104 -  . .   .   ? . 81.].  ,       ,   85       .        (      . )    ( )    (,    ,     , [105 -  . . 134, 138.]).         ,        (, , , , ,   . ).

       .         ,         ,          ,       ,    ,      [106 -   : On one occasion in Petrograd (as it was called) four scarecrows came to see me, dressed in rags, with fortnights beard, filthy nails, and tangled hair. They were the most eminent poets of Russia. One of them was allowed by the Government to make his living by lecturing on rhythmics, but he complained they insisted upon his teaching this subject from a Marxian point of view, and that for life of him he could not see how Marx came into the matter (The Autobiography of Bertrand Russel. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1968. Vol. II. 19141944. P. 102).].    ,    ,    .  1918        ,    ,    ,    ,   ,         ,   1924-   . . .   .     13  1919 ,       :            ,          .  ,  , ,        铻[107 - . . 562. . 3. 1130. . 9.].

      ,   1925     (  ,    ,   , 1929).  ,    ,    1930 ,    ,     ,    [108 -           . , .          ,         , .   . .   . .                   (. 127149).].   1923    .   :  ,                ,      .  (1927)   .  (1929)   [109 -        :    .  .     ( .  :  . ., 1923. . 13).].       .

 ,           . ,       (, 18911941),            (  ,  ),       ,        [110 -          , .  :  . .   //  . .  :  . .: , 2013. . 176187 (      . 183),     .      (      20092010 . .:  , 2011. . 11061112)    :     . .   . .  /  . . , . .  //       2014 .  . .:  , 2015. . 1931.]. ,       ,     ,  ,        ,    [111 -  .     .         . ., 1928. . 166178 ( 1930 .       ).].

        . :



 ,      ( ,  )      (    ,  ,   ),    ,      ,       .           , ,      ,    .         ,      ,       [112 -  . , ,  / . , .   .   // . 2010. 7. . 120121.].


           (1929)[113 -    .:  . .     (    ) //  :     .   -  . . : .  . .: , 2014. . 315334.    ,     ,   1925          . . -,           ( 6. . 4953). ,    ,   :       :  : ;  ,    ,      .       (., 1930. . 73).]       .          ,   .  , ,       . ,    . ,       ,           1931 :       .             .       [114 -   1931 :  . ., 1932. . 107.         .  ,     ( .  . .: .  , 1931. . 39).].          ,        :        [115 - . 1931. 10. . . 7.].

   ,       ,   . ,  .    ,  ,   ,            ,    .             ,     [116 -  .  -:      . ., 1930. . 5, 28.].            ,             ,     .    :



        :     ,    . <>         [117 -     // . 1931. 1. . 77, 78.].


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 ,  ,     .       ,    ,           [118 -  .  //  .      / . .   . . ., 1925. . 48.   . .   . .   .           ,               (.:  .   // . 1924. 1. . 153154).].


 ,       . , , ,    ,          (., 1925),    ,       ,    ,           , ,          (, , , ).

          .   ,  (  , 1925)      (18911930),    ,     .     -  ,      [119 -  .   . .: , 1930. . 12.].        ,      ( , ),      ,     ,      .             .  (    1923 ),           ,     ,        (19021973)   [120 - .     :     (1931),         (1932).          19201930-  . :  . .  :    60- . . 2-, . . .:  ; , 2014. . II. . 5761.].

  1928          (   )   .  (    蓻).     ,          (. ),  (. ),      ()  . .,         [121 -  .   . .; .:   , 1928. . 5.      ,     . .         ,        ; .    :  . .            (10  1932 .) / . . .  //     - 19201930- :   . ., 2006. . 2. . 120; .          :  . . 192194.].         ,   ,      ,     .         ,          ( ),     .        ,        ,   [122 -  .   . . 30, 3640.       .].

  ,          ,     [123 -  .     ,        , .:  . [.]: . .   . . 1930 // . 1931. 9 (332). . . 11.].    ,    . ,    . .  :             .      , , ,     , ,  .       ?     <>        [124 -  . []: . .     ; . .   ; . .   ; . .    //  . 1930. 12. . 160162.      ,           ;       ;      ,         ,        .].

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         .             .

, , :     ,   ,   ,   [129 -  . . 37.].


            ,   ,   ,      [130 -  .   . . 42.].  (, )   ,   :       .  ,      ,     [131 -  . . 55.]. ,          . .  (1925)      (1923),      ,    1914 ,    .

 ,      1920-      .                :   ,    .  (1926, 90 .).        (1928),     (1930)     ,     -.     . ,       ,       : ,   .     :      ,       ,       .    :



         ,     ,   ,   :    ( , )   ,     <>[132 -  . .   :   . .:  , 1926. . 53, 57, 58.             :           (., 1929. . 38).      ,       ,     (1928),        .              ( . 1928. 11. . 47).].


 ,  ,   ,    ,   ,         .

 1928             (18881929)  :    , ,    ,     . ,            ,   ,        ,       [133 -  .  :    . .: - , 1928. . [3].].     ,      (  ),          .

-   ,      ,         .        ,  ,      (  )    (1931, 75 .). ,     ,         ,      ,     ,      [134 - .:  . .    // . 2004. 2; URL: https://znamlit.ru/publication.php?id=2266. ,   . ,   ,   1927    :  ,        .       .      . <>   ,     , . . ,    ,    ,   . . ( .  酻: ,  / . . . ., 2019. . 235).].          1931    ,        1909 ,    . ,   .     -  ,     1925  1929     ,      ,      ,        .

    ,    ,   ,      ( )     [135 -  .   . .:  , 1931. . 5.]. ,           ,      .     ,   ,            [136 -  . . 37.].      ,    ,       ,  .    .

      1920- ,         ( . ,  . ),           .   ,    ,      ,       .  1927       ,  ,  ,            (18741942) :     (         ,   1923      . . [137 -  .   :     . .: -  . . , 1923.         , ,   .]),       ,  ,        .   ,            .     ,        -  .   19241925          19251927 ,       [138 -  . :    . ., 1927. . [3], 99104.].                ( ,    . .).

 1929                .      :                   ,     , , ,     [139 -  .  . .:  , 1929. . 5.].            . ,          -, -, -   ,       [140 -  .  . . 9.].             .          ,         ,       . . [141 -  . . 13, 14.].            ,          ,  . .   ,             ,    ,    .        ,      ,             ,   ,   . -.

,     ,  . . .       ,             ,      ,  ,   ,  ,    [142 - .:  .,  .        (19191920) // Unacknowledged Legislators. . 404405.].              1923  ( ,   .    ):



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           .  -     ,  , ,   .         10 .

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,               ,        . ,     :



     -,   , -,        .  ,        .   ,    ,     ,      ,  [145 -   . 1923. 1 (25). . 51, .   :  . .    . . 322.].


..   1923         (    ,   ,   ,    [146 -   .:  . .  : . 18941956. ., 2017. . 209.]).              . ,         ,          .  :  ,         1921  (2-    .; ., 1923).           ,  ,             [147 - .    :          ,   (   )  ( . .    (  ) //   .    . 1991. . 50. 6. . 525).].      (, ,    )   ,            ;         ,    .         .

   , ,           ,   ,     19261930       [148 - URL: https://royallib.com/read/shengeli_georgiy/kak_pisat_stati_stihi_i_rasskazi.html#0.].      , ,     . ,               ? (1927).  ,    1925 ,        ,      .  ,       ,           -  (     ).            ,    ,  ,   , - .  ,   ,    ,     ,        ,    .   . . :  .   ?[149 -  . .  . . . ., 2002. . 16.]

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              [151 - ,        .  .    1935 ,        (   ,    ,   ,            . .   :    , , , 1935).                  ,           ,                (, , , )   .].        ,      [152 - ., ,   :     : (-. ) / .   . . ;  . -  . []: . ., 1955. 14 .             :  . .,  . .  :   . .: , 1973. . 130133.].  ,        1960      . [153 -  1935        :      (.; 1935),       ,     (       蓻, . 4). .    :    ,              (     . ),        ,        ( .     // . 1935. . . 214).],   ,     . . ,   1966 ,             .




 

    

      1920- 


 1924 ,      ,    :



      ,  .

      ,  .

              <> , ,   :       ,        ,   .    ,      .         -   ,  ;  ,        ,      [154 -  .  //  .  :    / . . . . .: -  . . , 1924. . 3, 5.].


   :        ,            .          :        ;           ,   ,             [155 -  .   . .: , 1923. C. 156.];         -  ()  1921        ,     ;   ,     ,      [156 -  .  ,     //  .  :  16 . . 16. .: , 1979. . 309.]; ,            . ,     ,     , ,       ,                        .         ,  ,   ,           ,       ,             .

 ,   1920- ,   ,     ,    ,           ,   , ,   ,  .   ,     ,       ,            .  1923  1933      30   ,        .     :      ,   ? (1923);    :    (1924);     ,    (1926)   :    (1930);       (1926),   :      (1928)       :     (1930),      ;     (1926);     :    (1926);      (1927)    :          (1931);       :     (1927);     ? (1927);         (1927),     . , . , . , . , . , . , .   . ;       ,     (1928);    :     (1928);      (1928);     :      :       (1928);    :    (1928);         (1928);      (1930);          (1931);     ,    (1933)[157 -   ,    , , ,   ,             . . . 3471 . .].  1934 ,      ,       :                :    ,       :    :  2-  (193219331934)    .         ,            1950- ,   .

   ,            1920-             .    ,     ,        .        ,      : -    [158 -  .   :       . .:  , 1999. . 389.]. ,  -       [159 -        .      .         ,    (.: - , 1928)  2225  ;      1926  1930      ,    39  .         (.: , 1927)  14 500 .         (.; .:  , 1930)  1120  ,        (.; .: , 1931),  ,  25  .     ,    ,   .   ,  1928-  1930-,             .   (.:  , 1930)  10  .  1926   3000       ,          ,    ,       ,      ,   .]   1920-   :  ,   ,   ,   ,       ,            .          ,       .

          .      , c 1890  1928 ,     ,         .       ,   ,         ,    ,       ,     [160 - Tenen D. The Emergence of American Formalism // Modern Philology. 2019. Vol. 117. 2. P. 285.   Tenen, 2019.].     ,   ,    ,     ,     .    ,                 .                    ,         ,    .   ,           ,   ,     .    ,         .  ,                .           ,  ,  .             ? -,    ,   ,     ,      . -,         ,    . ,     ,       ,        ,    .           .        ,    1930     ,     ,            ,   ,      [161 -  .   :     (19301934) //       . .:   , 2014. . 439.].


    

      ,  ,    : Technik des Dramas (1863)  ,          1894   Freytags Technique of the Drama: An Exposition of Dramatic Composition and Art,  Les Trente-six situations dramatiques (1895)  ,          1916   Thirty-Six Dramatic Situations.    ,  ,   ,         ,   :     .           : LArt dcrire enseign en vingt le?ons (1899)  La Formation du style par lassimilation des auteurs (1901)[162 -    20          .].                     . C    ,   ,         .     ,    : 1894  1904    .       ,       : 1912      Lart dinventer les personnages: (Les XII types principaux, leurs 36 subdivisions et 154.980 varie?te?s encore ine?dites)[163 -   : 12  , 36   154 980  .]. ,             .     ,   Lart dcrire: ouvriers et procds (1896), Le travail du style enseign par les corrections manuscrites des grands crivains (1903), Comment il ne faut pas crire: Les ravages du style contemporain (1921), Comment on devient crivain (1923),     1928  LArt potique de Boileau           [164 -  :    (1896),         (1903),    :     (1921),    (1923),    (1928).].

      : 1911 ,       LArt dcrire enseign en vingt le?ons,     !       ,           .    ,     ,  ,  -    ,   ,  .          ,   L Univers, La Libert, Les Annales politiques et littraires, L Enseignement pratique, Revue de lInstitut Catholique, Revue de linstruction publique, Revue bibliographique, La Revue critique,   ,        ,    Les Ennemis de LArt dcrire (1905),        ,  ,  ,   ,  ,     [165 -   .].      ,      ?  .       ?  ,       ,            .       ,      ,   , ,      ,   :



   ,        ,       :  ,     -  ,     ,       ,    .  ,        [166 -  . . . : Apprendre ? crire ne signifie pas quon veuille enseigner ? crire aussi bien que tel ou tel grand crivain: cela signifie quon peut enseigner ? quelquun ? crire mieux quil ncrivait, ? crire selon le maximum de talent quil peut donner. Cest lart, en un mot, de dgager laborieusement, efficacement, sa propre originalit (Albalat A. Les ennemis de lArt dcrire. Paris: Librairie Universelle, 1905. P. 67).   Albalat, 1905.].


   ,     ,          .     :



 !  !  !      ,   1895 ,   .     1917 ,         ,  Writers Digest, Editor, Printers Ink Monthly, Scribners Magazine  Author,  :  ,            ![167 -  . . . : Enemy of fancy! Destroyer of wonders! Assassin of Prodigy! Georges Poltis 1895 Les trente-six situations dramatiques was not received kindly. In the conclusion to the 1917 English edition of the work  advertised and reviewed widely in such North American publications as the Writers Digest, the Editor, Printers Ink Monthly, Scribners Magazine, and the Author  Polti continued: I hear myself accused, with much violence, of an intent to kill imagination Far from it! (. : Tenen, 2019. P. 257. Polti G., Lucille R. The Thirty-Six Dramatic Situations. Ridgewood: Editor, 1917. P. 134).]


    ,        .  Les Ennemis de LArt dcrire  ,          [168 - Albalat, 1905. P. 3.].             ,         .      ,  ,   1902       Le probl?me du style: questions dart, de littrature et de grammaire[169 -  :  ,   .],           .


    

    :         ,     ,           .      ?            1920-     ,     .     .               39  .         : 1928                   [170 -  .   :    . .: , 2018. . 8.].      ,   .       ,     ,       .     ,   , 



  ;  ,         ,       ,    ,   [171 -  .   ,   . .: -   , 1928. . 6.].


        .  ,  ,   ,     .   ,    ,       ,        ,    .      ,   ,     : , ,  [172 -  .   ? .: . , 1952. . 38.].  ,



        ,    ,      ,   ,   [173 -  . . 39.].


           -     ,     ,     :      ,            ,  ,           .


     :  ,     

      ,  ,           .             ,   .         ,   ,      ,           ,   ,    ,    ,  [174 -        :  .    //  .   / . . .   . . . .: . , 1990. . 378380.].    ,     ,  ,    ,      -  .    ,      :               ,         ,       .         ,    :       ,     ,        哻.  ,   ,     ,  ,  ,  .

     .      ,          -  . .  ,    ,     .    ,        .     ?          ,   ,  ?        ?         ,     ,              .

       :



 ,   ,   .     ,  ,       .      .       ,       ,   ,   ;       [175 -  .  :    / . . . . .: -  . . , 1924. . 43.   , 1924.  : Le style est la marque personnelle du talent. Plus le style est original, saisissant, plus le talent est personnel. Le style cest lexpression, lart de la forme, qui rend sensibles nos ides et nos sentiments; cest le moyen de communication entre les esprits. Ce nest pas seulement le don dexprimer ses penses, cest lart de les tirer du nant, de les faire na?tre, de voir leurs rapports, lart de les fconder et de les rendre saillantes. Albalat A. Lart dcrire enseign en vingt le?ons. Paris: Armand Colin & Cie, 1899. P. 3839.   Albalat, 1899.].


        ,     ?                  :      .    ,    - [176 - , 1924. C. 31.  : Le talent nest quune assimilation. Il faut lire ce que les autres ont crit, afin dcrire soi-m?me pour ?tre lu. Albalat, 1899. P. 20.].     . -,    -  .    ,   ,      .        ,      . ,    ,    (lassimilation technique)   .       ,    ?     , 



  ;      ,  ,    ;      ,     ;       ; ,        . .       ; ,   ,    ,  ,   [177 - , 1924. C. 34.  : il faut surtout lire les auteurs qui nous laissent voir leurs procds; chez lesquels on puisse discerner les de travail, les artifices de structure, les dtails de style, la science de lexpression; par quel effort on trouve des juxtapositions saisissantes; comment on obtient lintensit et le relief; la mise ? point et langle o? il faut se placer pour faire; saillir les ides; lhabilet ncessaire pour les ddoubler et les pousser, etc Savoir voir est le grand mot de vers ? lui, il ne vient pas ? nous. Dune fa?on gnrale, il vaut mieux commencer par lire ce qui est simple, classique, sinc?re, pur, moyens de lcriture littraire; et savoir comment il faut voir, cest presque savoir comment il faut exprimer. Albalat, 1899. P. 24.].


             .      ?  ,        (uses),           .    - ,    - ,      - . ,           (production surchauffe)[178 - Albalat A. La formation du style par lassimilation des auteurs. Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1902. P. 303.   Albalat, 1902.].                .

                        .   ,         ,    .          ,     :            .    ,    [179 - , 1924. . 40.  : Savoir imiter, cest apprendre ? ne plus imiter, parce que cest shabituer ? reconna?tre limitation, et ? sen passer quand on y sera rompu. Le danseur de corde use du balancier pour le quitter. Albalat, 1899. P. 36.].  ,        . ,             .          .       ,         .

             ,     .          ()     (),             ,     [180 -  .    //  . 1992. 2. . 233.].  :  ,          .               .  XIX   ,    ,   ,      ,    [181 -  .   //  . 1992. 2. . 238239.].

         :   ,    ,    .  , ,     ,     ,         [182 -  . . 244.].            .   ,   ,    ,       .              ⻠     ,        .         ,     ,   [183 -  -  . . . :     /  . . . .:  .-. -   , 1924. . 3033.].

         ,     . ,    .       ,     .  , ,     .  ,   ,  ,  ,             [184 -  .   . .; .:  , 1930. . 8.].      ,      :



  , .    ,           ,   .   ,   ,     ,     .          ,       ,        [185 -  . . 9.].


        .          :    ,  ,       ,      ,    [186 -  .   . . 10.].       ,        .     ,     ,    ,    ,    ,       .      -.        ,       ,      -,            .                ,    .    ,     .  ,   ,   ,   , ,   ,    ,   [187 -  . . 13.]. ,         :      ,     ,      [188 -  . . 14.].

,           ,      .        .   ,                     ,        ,                         .    ,        [189 -  : Loriginalit rside dans la fa?on nouvelle dexprimer des choses dj? dites. Albalat, 1902. P. 29.].


***

            -   .            .        ,   .  ,         .  ,  ,     ,   ,  .   ,                       ,          ,        ,        .             . -,   ,             . -,        [190 -       ,   19001910- .         ,   XVIIIXIX ,          . .  (1752)        (1897)             (c. 3471 . .).].  ,   ,       .      :       1914 .  ,  1908 ,         ,   ,           [191 -    ?    , , , ?   ? / .   . .: [. .], 1908. C. 3.       .].             [192 -  . .   ,   :  30 . :  , 1907 (. 1909).].   ,       ,    ,       [193 -    . . 7.].  ,   ,          ,      .              . ,  ,  1901 ,               :     [194 -   :      / . . . . .: , 1901.].            How to Write a Novel: A Practical Guide to the Art of Fiction[195 - How to Write a Novel: A Practical Guide to the Art of Fiction. London: Grant Richards, 1901.].    1902 ,         蓻,          [196 -  . (. ).    (   ) //     . 1902. 74 (11). . 166.].   ,  ,            ,   ,         :



      .        .  ,    .       ,     ,       ,                [197 -  . . 166.].


       ,     ,        .                     ,     ,  ,                [198 -           .  1910-         1- ,       .  1916                  .                1918 .   ,     () ,         .             ,    1911 ,          ,      .  1919       (),      .      .          .   . .                   .].

 , ,                          ,    ,      .   1920-      ,    .            ,         .  , ,        . ,  ,       ,          .    :



 -         ,       <>  ,        <>                  ,     ,  .       ,      [199 -            /  . . . .: . . . , 1897. . IV.].


                    ,  ,      ,     ,         .




 

  

 -    ɻ


      :       ,       , .       (  )    ,        .

 41?   19181919   ,    . . ,  . .     . . .    ,     41? ,       .     .   . . , []  ,  ,     [. . .]        ,     [200 -  . .  :      (19171921). .:  , 2000. . 62.].         [201 -  . . 18.],    .                ,        ,    ,     -.

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            ,      .      , ,      :     .          ,    ,   ,    ,  -   , -  -   .    - [243 -        ,  . . .            ,           ,    -.       ,  . . .        ( . .    //   . .: . , 1923. . 318. . 16).  .  . .   ,     :   .      .         .   ,   ,      !     .      , ,    , ,   ,     .   ! -  ,     ( . .   //      / . . . M?nchen: Verlag Otto Sagner, 1994. . 162).  . :  . .     //   /  . . . . .: , 1998. . 1343.].  ,  ,       ,    .           ,       ,  ,    .              .

 ,    - ,       :          .  ,  ,      :  ,   /  ,   [244 -  . . 17  . . 182.]. []  ,    ,       :     (  , ,   ,  )[245 -  . . 182.],  .  ,    ( ,       )     :        .       ,        .       ,           (  ,     [246 -  . . 185.],     ).

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        Creative Writing,        .      (creative unlearning),         .        ,               ,           .




2





 

    CREATIVE WRITING


 ,  ,       ,   creative writing.                   creative writing     [257 -  creative writing   XX             .      ,   2014   Wikipedia,  : Creative writing is any writing that goes outside the bounds of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on narrative craft, character development, and the use of literary tropes or with various traditions of poetry and poetics. Due to the looseness of the definition, it is possible for writing such as feature stories to be considered creative writing, even though they fall under journalism, because the content of features is specifically focused on narrative and character development. Both fictional and non-fictional works fall into this category, including such forms as novels, biographies, short stories, and poems. In the academic setting, creative writing is typically separated into fiction and poetry classes, with a focus on writing in an original style, as opposed to imitating pre-existing genres such as crime or horror (. : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_writing,   : 03.03.2022).].


,     

     1859         .     ,               .           ,     [258 -           ,   .   . .      . :  . .            //    :  . ., 2001. . 149150.           :  .   //  . . 200208;  .,  .    //  . . 222232.      :     II     :     ,   , -,    , -,           .   50-       ,    ,   (. 222).      18501860-  XIX  . :  . .,  . .   :  ,        18601900-  //   . 2020. . 164. 4. . 161176.].

     ,     ,         [259 -               ., :  . .   ( ). ., 2000. . 230241.].          ;   ,           [260 -       1849   ,         1912     . .:  . . . .    :     . .    . .: , 1959.].        ,   [261 -    ,   . .           12          .              . .    (1908),     .     ,  : 1)     ; 2)       (           ,   -  .    ,     ,       . . .     / . . . 2-. .: -. - . .   ʰ;  - . .   ʰ, 1908. . 7); 3)     ; 4)    :          ( . . 14).      . . ,         ,           ( . . . .    ).].

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  ,    ,         (60, 328330).


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       ,      (60, 477).


,    ,    :              .      ,  ,         ,     .

- ,     ,               ,   ,  . . ,         .   ,      .          ,              [266 - .:  . .      <> // .-. : pro et contra. .: -    , 2005. . 1. C. 615636.].

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  .  .   [267 -   Ѹ            ,          ,              .             (.:  . .   . .     // . .    :  2 . /. . . . ., 1978. . 1. . 141150).]

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        ,      ,         .   ,     ,               .    ,      .            :



          ,     ,        ,   ,   ,   ,   .       ,   .        ,     [268 -  . . . . 18.]





  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/chitat-onlayn/?art=69954733)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


     ,         :  ,     ,    ,     -.




2


       creative writing  .   ,  ,          .  ,      ,    : creative writing    .  , creative writing        XX ,  ,             .             , , ,   :     (creative writing)   ,   ,      :      1930- ,     2010-.




3


.   : Creative writing studies:      //   . 5. 2023. . 76139.




4


Can Creative Writing Really be Taught? Resisting Lore in Creative Writing Pedagogy / Ed. by S. Vaunderslica, R. Manery. London; Oxford; New York; New Delhi; Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2017. .     : Cowan A. Against Creative Writing. Against Creative Writing. Routlege, 2023.




5


Donnelly D. Establishing Creative Writing Studies as an Academic Discipline. Bristol, Buffalo, Toronto: Multilingual Matters, 2011.




6


Mayers T. Creative Writing Studies: The Past Decade (and the Next) // Journal of Creative Writing Studies. 2016. Vol. 1. 1. Website ( : 14.10.2022).




7


. https://creativewritingstudies.net (  25.08.2023).




8


. : New Writing: The International Journal for the Practice and Theory of Creative Writing (  2004 ); TEXT Journal (19972013); Writing and Pedagogy (  2009 ); Writing in Practice (  2015 ).




9


  ,           ( ) ,      ,   ,   ;      .




10


. :  . .   :     (19301934) //       . .:   , 2014. . 418467;  . .   :       //  :           ( 1880-  1930- ) / . . . . . .:   , 2012. . 494522;  . .       () //  . 2011. 29;  . .  -   -  1920- :      :  .    45.04.01 .   :    - . ., 2018;  . .   :       . .:  , 1999.




11


    creative writing      ,           ( . .     :  2 . /., . . . ,  . . . . .:  , 2021).




12


    /  . . . .: , 1978. . 32.    .:  . .     //  :     . .: , 1991.




13


. . .: , 1989.  . . . . . 5657. .     . .: , 1978 ( . . ). . 6566.




14


. :  .    : -  ,    . .: --, 2012. . 11, 63, 78;  .  -:   , , ,        . .: ,   , 2014. . 78;  . .    . .: , 2005. . 84, 118, 127  . .




15


   .        . .: , 2012 (  . 1897). . 54.




16


.  . .    . . I //  . - . 1882. . 7. . 102103.




17


.:    XVIIXVIII . /. . . . . .: , 1988.




18


   De arte poetica, . .               , . .                , . .      ,    . .     .           1920-    .:  . . -:        //   . 183 (5). 2023,  ).




19


 . .     //  . .  . .: . , 1957. . 134139. ( ; 2- .)     XVIII    .   :  .     . . 3471.




20


 .      //   . .: .  , 1859. . 6772 (          ,    ).




21


.:  /  . . . . .: . , 1935. . 255256;  . .      18311838  //  . 1861. . 36. 12. . 724.




22


  creative writing   .: Graeme Harper. A Short History of Creative Writing in British Universities // Teaching Creative Writing / Ed. by H. Beck. Palgrave MacMillan, 2012; Jaillant L. Literary Rebels: A History of Creative Writers in Anglo-American Universities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.




23


Myers D. G. The Elephants Teach: Creative Writing Since 1880. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2006.




24


    .   : The Technique of the Drama: A Statement of the Principles Involved in the Value of Dramatic Material, in the Construction of Plays, and in Dramatic Criticism (1892) by William Thomas Price; The Drama: Its Law and Its Technique (1898) by Elisabeth Morris; The Technique of the Novel: The Elements of the Art, Their Evolution and Present Use (1908) by Charles Horne; Writing the Short Story: A Practical Handbook on the Rise, Structure, Writing, and Sale of the Modern Short-Story (1909) by Joseph Esenwein; Harriott Fanslers Types of Prose Narratives: A Text-Book for the Story Writer (1911); Henry Phillipss The Plot of the Short Story (1912) and Art in Short Story Narration (1913); The Technique of the Mystery Story (1913) by Carolyn Wells; A Study of Narrative Technique in Folktales of Peoples of Varying Cultures (1926) by Robert Harris; Carl Grabos The Technique of the Novel (1928)    .: Tenen D. The Emergence of American Formalism // Modern Philology 117. 2 (November 2019). P. 269.




25


Ibid. P. 272.




26


., : Babcock R. W., Horn R. D., English T. H. Creative writing for college students; asummary of the theory of exposition, argument, narration, and description; with a selective and illustrative anthology of college student themes and of selections from literature. New York: American Book Company, 1938; Ball W. D. Palmer institute of authorship. Hollywood, Calif (1924). Fundamentals of creative writing. Palmer Institute of Authorship; Blatchford R. (1925). English prose and how to write it (2nd ed.). Methuen & Co., Ltd.; Bridgart J. (1921). How to write short stories. The Writers Digest; Hunt C. (1934). Short Stories: How to Write Them. G. G. Harrap & Company Limited; Miller H. A. (1932). Creative writing of verse, a constructive study of poetry. American Book Company; Morland N. (1936). How to Write Detective Novels. G. Allen & Unwin Limited; Olsen U. G., Werby E. P., Houghton S. G. (Samuel G. & Burack A. S. (Abraham S.)) (1936). The Writers handbook.




27


Harper G. A Short History of Creative Writing in British Universities. P. 1214; DeWitt H. A Short History of Creative Writing in America // Ibid. P. 1920.




28


. https://www.awpwriter.org/guide/guide_writing_programs (  24.08.2023).     creative writing   . Myers D. G. The Rise of Creative Writing // Journal of the History of Ideas. Apr., 1993. Vol. 54. 2 (Apr., 1993). P. 290292; McGurl M. The Program Era: Postwar Fiction and the Rise of Creative Writing. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 2011. P. 2425; Melia M. Demand booming on college campuses for creative writing // Associated Press. 2017. April 7.




29


  . . . . . .: . .   . , 1901.




30


 . .   ,   : 30 . .: , 1907.




31


 . .    :   ,  ,          .     . : , 1911;  . .     : .     .         5   :  2 . /. . . , . . . . 4- ., . . .: . . . . , 1914;     / .  . ., 1908;  . .   ?       . . ,         , , ,   . .: . ., 1915.




32


 [ . .].    // .   .  . 1902. 74. 17 .




33


 . . .      // Europa Orientalis. 1999. . XVIII. 12.




34


 [. . ]  . .  / . . . . .   . .  //  . . 98. . 2. . 402403.




35


 . .    / . . . .:  , 2018. . 117158.




36


 . .      // . Rhema. 2020. 4. . 135162.          .




37


.: .     / .  . . . . . ., 1924.




38


 . .,  . .       . 19201932 . (     ) //   . 2021. . 61. . 189198.




39


., :  . .    : . ., 1926;  . .   ,   . ., 1926;  . .  :   . ., 1929;  .   :  -. ., 1930;  .       . .; ., 1931;  .   .  . ., 1935;  . .   . ., 1930;   . ., 1930.




40


 . .       () //  . 2011. 29. . 259281.




41


 ,               (1914):       ,     ,  - ,         .       , ,  -   ( . . . . . 5- . ., 1968. . 12. . 100101).




42


 :     . .: - , 2019.




43


 .  .      // .. 2016. 30 . https://lenta.ru/articles/2016/01/30/creativewriting/;  .       //  daily. 2021. 10 . https://daily.afisha.ru/brain/18971-gde-v-rossii-uchat-byt-pisatelyami/.




44


., .:  .    . ., 2012;  .   :       . .: ,   , 2014;  .  -. ., 2014;  .     .    : , , , -, ,  . ., 2015;  .  . .: , 2013;  .  . ., 2015;  .  :      . ., 2015;  .   . ., 2015;  .  . ., 2016;  .,  . .  . ., 2017 (        ;    ,         2010- ).




45


., .:  . . , , .     . 14 . .: , 2017 (1- .);  .    . ., 2018;  :    ,    . .: , 2020; ,    :          . .: , 2020.




46


., : Translation and Creativity: Perspectives on Creative Writing and Translation Studies / Ed. by L. Loffredo, M. Perteghella. L.; N. Y.: Continuum, 2006. . : Sampson F. Creative translation // The Cambridge Companion to Creative Writing / Ed. by D. Morley, P. Nielsen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012; Perteghella M. Translation as Creative Writing // A Companion to Creative Writing / Ed. by G. Harper. Chichester, Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013; Rossi C. Literary translation and disciplinary boundaries: Creative writing and interdisciplinarity // The Routledge Handbook of Literary Translation / Ed. by K. Washbourne, B. Van Wyke. L.: Routledge, 2018; Zhao R.., Yang Y., Xu J. Translation and creative writing // Xu J. Dialogues on the Theory and Practice of Literary Translation. L.: Routledge, 2019; Xia F. Translation as creative writing practice // New Writing: The International Journal for the Practice and Theory of Creative Writing. Vol. 18. 2. 2021.




47


https://courses.cornell.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=31&coid= 496864.




48


https://catalog.aup.edu/course/fr3400.




49


https://arts.princeton.edu/courses/creative-writing-literary-translation/.




50


https://qcenglish.commons.gc.cuny.edu/graduate/mfa/.




51


https://translation.uiowa.edu/graduate/mfa-literary-translation.




52


https://www.uea.ac.uk/research/explore/the-translator-as-creative-writer.




53


Faryno J.    = Wste?p do literaturoznawstwa. Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1991. S. 61.




54


.  :  ,   ,  ,          ,       ,   ,    , -: .    ( . . . 17431812:  . .: , 2000. . 26).




55


       :       :                        .  .  :    , 1788, URL: https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bx000004285/view/?#page=5. .      :  ..    : , . . 1-  2-  ,  .      .  / . . . . ; , 1895;  . . : . . . , , , ,  . .,  .  .   .   . . ., 1898. . 1.    . .         (., 1888),    ,   . .    : IXIV (., 1897)  .       (, 1901. [. 1]).




56


.:     / .   . ., 2009; :  . .   : +  . ., 2012;  . .   :  150 000 . ., 2000;  . .   . ., 1993;   / .   . ., 2003.




57


 .    : (. ). .: . . . , 1912.




58


         ,           ,       (.:     :                5-    / . . . ,  . . . 4- . . . ., 1914. . 7).      ,      .   1909 ,       ; 1924           .




59


        . .  (, 1881. . I).     ,            ,   , , -,      ( . .    . ., 1934. . 76),          .




60


.:  . .          // Unacknowledged Legislators: Studies in Russian Literary History and Poetics in Honor of Michael Wachtel / Ed. by L. Fleishman, D. M. Bethea, I. Vinitsky. Berlin [et al.], 2020. . 349350;  .      //  . 2017. 13. URL: http://./content/evgeniy-sokol-poet-revolyucii.




61


 .  : . , 1918. . 18.




62


    (1934) . .            (. ),  -- .   , ,   1774 ,         ,        ,           (.:  .     //    . 1899. . . 189). ,                 ,       .




63


     . ,        .




64


.       . ., 1795. . 10, 2728.




65


 . . ,    :      . .:   . . , 1810. . 54. URL: https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bx000025688/view/?#page=7.




66


   ,  ,              , ,   ,    ( . . . . 63).




67


 . . . . 4546.




68


 .  ,   ? . ., 1816. . 11, 15.




69


 . . . . 31.




70


 . . 1314.




71


 . .    ,      ,    , , , ,     . .:  ., 1811. URL: https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bx000025711/view/?#page=9; .  ,         :  ,  ,  ,     ,   . ( . . . . 22).                ,         , ,   ,       (   ,   ,   ,    ;  . 1812. 5. . 235).




72


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  : On one occasion in Petrograd (as it was called) four scarecrows came to see me, dressed in rags, with fortnights beard, filthy nails, and tangled hair. They were the most eminent poets of Russia. One of them was allowed by the Government to make his living by lecturing on rhythmics, but he complained they insisted upon his teaching this subject from a Marxian point of view, and that for life of him he could not see how Marx came into the matter (The Autobiography of Bertrand Russel. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1968. Vol. II. 19141944. P. 102).




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 . . . : Apprendre ? crire ne signifie pas quon veuille enseigner ? crire aussi bien que tel ou tel grand crivain: cela signifie quon peut enseigner ? quelquun ? crire mieux quil ncrivait, ? crire selon le maximum de talent quil peut donner. Cest lart, en un mot, de dgager laborieusement, efficacement, sa propre originalit (Albalat A. Les ennemis de lArt dcrire. Paris: Librairie Universelle, 1905. P. 67).   Albalat, 1905.




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 . . . : Enemy of fancy! Destroyer of wonders! Assassin of Prodigy! Georges Poltis 1895 Les trente-six situations dramatiques was not received kindly. In the conclusion to the 1917 English edition of the work  advertised and reviewed widely in such North American publications as the Writers Digest, the Editor, Printers Ink Monthly, Scribners Magazine, and the Author  Polti continued: I hear myself accused, with much violence, of an intent to kill imagination Far from it! (. : Tenen, 2019. P. 257. Polti G., Lucille R. The Thirty-Six Dramatic Situations. Ridgewood: Editor, 1917. P. 134).




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 .  :    / . . . . .: -  . . , 1924. . 43.   , 1924.  : Le style est la marque personnelle du talent. Plus le style est original, saisissant, plus le talent est personnel. Le style cest lexpression, lart de la forme, qui rend sensibles nos ides et nos sentiments; cest le moyen de communication entre les esprits. Ce nest pas seulement le don dexprimer ses penses, cest lart de les tirer du nant, de les faire na?tre, de voir leurs rapports, lart de les fconder et de les rendre saillantes. Albalat A. Lart dcrire enseign en vingt le?ons. Paris: Armand Colin & Cie, 1899. P. 3839.   Albalat, 1899.




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, 1924. C. 34.  : il faut surtout lire les auteurs qui nous laissent voir leurs procds; chez lesquels on puisse discerner les de travail, les artifices de structure, les dtails de style, la science de lexpression; par quel effort on trouve des juxtapositions saisissantes; comment on obtient lintensit et le relief; la mise ? point et langle o? il faut se placer pour faire; saillir les ides; lhabilet ncessaire pour les ddoubler et les pousser, etc Savoir voir est le grand mot de vers ? lui, il ne vient pas ? nous. Dune fa?on gnrale, il vaut mieux commencer par lire ce qui est simple, classique, sinc?re, pur, moyens de lcriture littraire; et savoir comment il faut voir, cest presque savoir comment il faut exprimer. Albalat, 1899. P. 24.




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