 .     
 


      , , , , , , , , , ,   .   ,         ,        .      .     ,    ,              2009, 2012, 2020   2021  .

  PDF A4    .





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James E. Smith

The Minor Prophets



Originally published in the U.S.A. under the title

THE MINOR PROPHETS

by College Press Publishing Company

Copyright  1994 by James E. Smith








       ,    , , 2022








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     , , ,         .  ,                    (2 . 1:19).

 ,      ,      .            ,      .          ,       .     .     ,     .     ,    ,  .   ,       .         5.







1       .                 ,   (,  , ,   ).

2      = 1292;   = 1364;   = 1273

3  d     = 30 305.      :  = 37 044,  = 42 659   = 39 407.

4          .  ,       ,       .

5 C. von Orelli, The Twelve Minor Prophets. Trans. J.S. Banks. 1897 (Minneapolis: Klock & Klock, 1977 reprint), p. 1.

6 Keil and Delitzsch, Old Testament Commentaries; Ezekiel XXV to Malachi (Grand Rapids: Associated Publishers, n.d.), pp. 792f.

7 Paul R. House, The Unity of the Twelve (Sheffield, England: Almond Press, 1990), pp. 6870.8

8 Augustine, The City of God 18:29. In vol. 2of A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, ed. Philip Schaff (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1956).

9 Charles L. Feinberg, The Minor Prophets (Chicago: Moody, 1976), p. 9.

10 George Adam Smith, The Book of the Twelve Prophets in The Expositors Bible; 2 vols. (New York: Armstrong, 1898).

11 J. Barton Payne, Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy (New York: Harper and Row, 1973), pp. 674f.







.    ,    .      ,      .



Boice, James Montogomery. The Minor Prophets. 2vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1983, 1986.

Calkins, Raymond. The Modern Message of the Minor Prophets. New York: Harper, 1947.

Chisholm, Jr. Robert B. Interpreting the Minor Prophets. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1990.

Cohen, A. The Twelve Prophets. Soncino Books of the Bible. London: Soncino, 1961.

DiGangi, Mariano. Twelve Prophetic Voices; Major Messages from the Minor Prophets. Wheaton, IL: Scripture Press, 1985.

Feinberg, Charles. The Minor Prophets. Chicago: Moody, 1976.

Deane, W.J. The Minor Prophets. The Pulpit Commentary. 2vols. New Edition. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1909.

Hailey, Homer. A Commentary on the Minor Prophets. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1972.

Henderson, Ebenezer. The Twelve Minor Prophets. 1858. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980.

Keil, Carl. The Twelve Minor Prophets. Vols. 24 and 25 of Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1949 reprint.

Kelley, William. Lectures Introductory to the Study of the Minor Prophets. 1874. 5th ed London: Hammond, n.d.

Laetsch, Theo. Bible Commentary; The Minor Prophets. St. Louis: Concordia, 1956.

Lewis, Jack P. The Minor Prophets. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1966.

von Orelli, C. The Twelve Minor Prophets. Minneapolis: Klock & Klock, 1977 reprint of 1897 ed.

Pusey, E.B. The Minor Prophets. 2vols. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1956 reprint.

Robinson, G.L. The Minor Prophets. 1926. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1978.

Smith, George Adam. The Book of the Twelve Prophets. The Expositors Bible. 2 vols. New York: Armstrong, 1898.

Tatford, Frederick. The Minor Prophets. 3vols. 1874. Minneapolis: Klock & Klock, 1982.




 

 

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        .         ,      .       845.  ..;  ,           586.  ..

,      ,    1011.               586   ..          586   ..     .    : (1)   (4 . 25:10; . 52:14); (2)       (4 . 25:9; . 52:13); (3)   (2 . 25:9; . 52:13); (4)        (4 . 25:7); (5)   ,    (4 . 25:11, 12); (6)     (4 . 25:26; . 41:1642:22).

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3.     ,    . ,   ,   -    ,     ?        ,       , ,             .

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8.,    .    ,       (. 12:39  ; 16:4).  ,  ,      .      ,     ,    ,   ,     ( 11:32).         .  ,  ,      .                 .   , ,  .          ,      .







1C. F. Keil, Obadiah in Old Testament Commentaries: Ezekiel XXV to Malachi (reprint; Grand Rapids: Associated Publishers and Authors, n.d.), p. 1053. Cf. F. Meyrick, Obadiah in The Holy Bible Commentary (New York: Scribners Sons, 1892), 6:562.

2 Meyrick, op. cit., 56364; E. B. Pusey, The Minor Prophets (reprint; Grand Rapids: Baker, 1956), 1:344ff.

3     , ,  ,    :   (3:1);         (2:19);    (3:6).       ,         .         . A. F. Kirkpatrick, The Doctrine of the Prophets, reprint of the 3rd ed. (London: Macmillan, 1920), pp. 5773.

4 Merx, cited by James Robertson, Joel in The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ed. James Orr (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1956), 3:1688.

5  3:16 .  1:2;  3:18 .  9:13. See G. L. Archer, A Survey of Old Testament Introduction (Chicago: Moody, 1985), p. 311.

6         ,    ,  , ,   ,    .

7 J. Barton Payne, Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy (New York: Harper and Row, 1973), pp. 406411.

8 Leslie C. Allen, The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah and Micah in The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1976), p. 197.

9 , The Abingdon Bible Commentary (p. 790).    ;    .              .







 

.   ,        ,     .          1.

Alexander, Desmund, David Baker and Bruce Waltke. Obadiah, Jonah, Micah. Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1988.

Allen, Leslie. The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah. The New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1976.

Coffman, James Burton. The Minor Prophets: Joel, Amos and Jonah. Abilene: ACU Press, 1981.

DiGangi, Mariano. The Book of Joel. Shield Bible Study Outlines. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1970.

Driver, S. R. and H. C. O. Lanchester. The Books of Joel and Amos. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Cambridge: University Press, 1915.

Excell, Joseph. Practical Truths from Jonah. 1874. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1982.

Kirk, Thomas. Jonah: His Life and Mission. 1903. Minneapolis: Klock & Klock, 1983.

Kohlenbergber III, John R. Jonah and Nahum. Everymans Bible Commentary. Chicago: Moody, 1984.

Lanchester, H. C. O. Obadiah and Jonah. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Cambridge: University Press, 1915.

McGarvey, J. W. Jesus and Jonah. Murfreesboro, TN: Dehoff, 1952 reprint.

Marbury, Edward. Obadiah and Habakkuk. Sovereign Grace, 1960 reprint.

Marten, A. D. The Prophet Jonah; the Book and the Sign. London: Longmans, Green, 1926.

Martin, Hugh. Jonah. 1866. Banner of Truth Trust, 1982.

Varney, George J. ed. The Story of Jonah. (Boston: Christian Witness, 1897.

Wade, G. W. Micah, Obadiah, Joel, and Jonah. Westminster Commentaries. London: Methuen, 1925.

Watts, John D. W. Obadiah; A Critical and Exegetical Commentary. 1969. Winona Lake, IN: Alpha, 1981.

Wolff, Hans Walter. Obadiah and Jonah, a Commentary. Trans. Margaret Kohl. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1986.




 

    

 








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 1


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 ,     .        : (1)       (4 . 14:7; 4. 25:11). (2)         (4 . 28:17).  V   ..     .  III   ..    .  II  ,     ,     (1 . 5:65)      .



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 11






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 1721


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.

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     ,        :     [].     (. 21:29).      .       ,   ,    ,  .      ,    ,    .     ,        .



 12






          .   :    ,     (. 2:44).    ,   ,  :        (. 14:9).   ,          ,       (. 1:33).       :         ,       (. 11:15). !      (. 19:6).







1      2   .

2  ,       ,       ,   ,     . . Laetsch, The Minor Prophets (St. Louis: Concordia, 1956), p. 199.

3         .          :  9:33; 11:26; . 12:22; 1. 2:6; . 14:1.

4  (. 20)       .     4:26.  ,     ,        .




 

 

 1








       .    .           .        .         .           .




,  

    1:2-13


              (. . 20:26).   ,            .             ,      .



.    (1:24)

         :  !.         .      ,       .

    ,        .       ;     ,   ,   . ,   ,      (835817.  ..).        .        .     ,       .               (1:2).

     ,     ,     .           .  ,        ,       .          ,      (1:2b).

 ,    ,     .     .            ,          .      - . -      (1:3).

  4    .     .        .  ,        ,        .     


.      ,  , ,  NASB    : (1)  , (2)  , (3)    (4)  .   ,      .    ,      (1:4).



 13






.    (1:57)

   ,      ,     ,       .     ,    .  ,       ,    .        .          .   ()    . ,     .      ,   (1:5).

  ,       .      .      .         .        ,   .    .     ,     ,    (1:67).

   ,           ,          .        .   ,    .      ,     .      ,    .      .     ,      ,   .



.    (1:8-10)

 ,    ,  ,   ,        .   ,     .        , .    ,     ,      (1:8a).

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            ,    .          .        .     ,   ,       (1:8b).

        .         .    ,  ,   .     ,      . ,      ,    ,     ,      .       .    ,    ,         (1:9).




     .     .        ,   .           .  , ,    .        .  ,          (1:10).



.    (1:1112)

    ,      .   ,         . ,        軠   .      .        ,     (. . 126:35).    ,     .

       .           .    ,         .         .       .      ,   ,   (1:11-12).

  ,     ,     ,      .         .     .   ,    ,   ,      (1:12b).



.    (1:13)

    .   1:9          ,    .           (. 1:8).     ,       ,   .             .          .           (. 13).

   1:13  .      .    ,       .           .

     (. 1:9),    ,      .        . ,      ,    .       ,        .



.  

     ,     . -,        -      ? -,           ,   ?       ,       , ,  , ,   ,   .      ,         .

,         ,     .         ,       .     . ,        .    ,      ,  .              .             .       ,         .      ,   .

       .           .         .  1959        .    ,    ,        


.

         .  ,  ,   ,            .        250   .           .         .




 

   1:1420


    . , ,        ,  ,        .



.  (1:14)

    ,  ,      ,    .        .           ,    .           (. 20:26; 1. 7:6).      .

     ,  ,  .          .    (atsarah)       (. 2:16).       ,            .

      . ,         . ,     ,      ( 14).     ,       .         .          .



.  (1:1518)

  ,    .       : ,  !.     .   .    , ,        (. . 15).        ,    .  ,    ,     .       ,     .  , ,    Shaddai, ?


.      .    ,     .     ,         .        (1:15).

      ,      .     . Ǹ    .    ,        ,           .      (. 1:10, 12).    ,   . ,   ,  (1:1617).

   ,      .    .       ,     ,     ,   .            .  ,      .           (1:18).



.  (1:1920)

  ,           ,  .        .     ,       ,    .         ,       .  , , .     -                .            .

    ,      .          .   ,            , ..     ,  .   ,            .      (),    . ,    ,     .   ,   ,        (1:1920).







1Hans W. Wolff, Joel and Amos (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977), p. 27.

2   yabhash  ,     1  .

3 Harold Brodsky, Locusts in the Book of Joel, Bible Review (Aug. 1990), pp. 3339.           John D. Whiting, Jerusalems Locust Plague, The National Geographic Magazine 28 (Dec. 1915), pp. 511550.

4  Shaddai    ,    (., . 17:1).      (., . 67:15).       ,      .




 

 

 2:1-27



     ,    .  2        .        .




 

 

 2:1-11


 2:1-17     ,     ,    ,    .  ,          ,   ,    ,     .       :    .



.   (2:12)

     (shophar)   .     (1)     ; (2)     ; (3)   ;  (4)    ( 10:1-10).     


.       ,                 .        .      ,      .   ,     ,   ,   ,            


.

     .        .        ,            .           .          ,   , ,   ,      ,  -  .      ,   ,  .

        ,      ,   . ,    ,   .          .

     -  ; ,   ,      .        ,         (. . 5:18).  !            ,     (. . 1:15).           (1:1-2a).

     ,           (. 1:6).            .     ;    


.



.   (2:3-11)

      .   ,      ,    ,    96:3.   ,       ,   ,       .       (2:3).

     ,     .        . -,      ,   .         ,        ?     ()        (2:4).

-,     .      ,    ,   ,     ,  ,    ,       .     ,     ,      ,  (2:5).

-,      .       ,   ,  ;     .           (. . 13:8; . 30:16)      (. 4:31).   ,      (. . 95:6).  ,         (2:6).

 ,     ,  .         .        .  ,       ,      .        ,          .       ,     .   ,            ,        (2:78).

       .       . Ÿ      .  ,    ,     .      ,        ,  .          (2:9).

        .  ,    . ,      .     ,       ,   (2:10).

 2:11        .            . -,      .     (: )    . ,      ,      . -,      2:2    . -,       . -, ,      ,      .      2:6    2:10.

      :    ? (. 11b).        ,  ,    ,        .      ;          . , ,       .      .         .




 

 

 2:1217


      ,      ,   .            .



.   (2:12-13)

        .       .     . ,   ,  ,     .       ,    ,    .      .

 ,            ,         .       .        (neum Yahweh),      ,      . ,       ,   ,        .

   (shubh)     ,     .       ,     .    (ad)    . ,          ,      .

        .   ,      .       - ,     .       ,            .      ,   .      ,     .

    .       .         .     ,        .          ,    .     :   ,    .         .  ,     ,     .

       .            .      : ,   .           (. 1:14).       ,   (1) ; (2)    ;  (3)   ,    .         .

         ,     . ,          . ,            ,    .  ,  ,     ,   .



.    (2:13b-14)

      ,  ,      . -,     .     .       .         .           .              ,   .

-,           .        .     ,         .        ,      .

-,      (. . 34:6).  ,    ,    .     ,      .       ,      .  ,         .  .       ,   ,      .

-,    ,     .       ,     .

-,      (    )     ,     ,    .    ,       .         ,        ()               ,    .

  .        ,        . ,                     .           .  򻠖   ,    ;   ,             


.



.   (2:1517)

        ,     ,    .    ,     1:14  2:1.   (1)    (shophar)  ; (2)  ;  (3)   (2:15).

     (qahal, ) ,   ,   .          .         ,    ,     (. 1. 21:5).       (1) , (2)   , ,     ,     , (3) , (4) , (5)  ,  , (6) .     .     .  ,         ,  .     ,         (2:16).

    .       ,      .        ,      .           .           ,        . ,          3  8 (2:17).

      .      ,         .    . -,         : , ,  .     . -,        ,      


.  ,   ,        


.

    ,       .                         .      ,       .     .

           .     ,      ,      ,   ,  , .    :   ?.    ,  ,   ,           (2:17b).

      ,   ,        .     .       .     .            .

       ,   ,        .            .    ,   .




 

 

 2:1829


 ,      .       .          ,     .



.   (2:1822)

-,    ,  ,   . -,    .          ,   . -,    ,         .     ,   .    ! (hineni)  ,    :      ...          ,       .    ,         (2:1819).

 ,    ,  ,      ,   ,  . ,   ,     1915 ,   .          ,   (̸)     () .         ,        .       ,   ,    (2:20).

        (),             .        ,          (.  3:57).           (, . 21:34; . . 8:1).  , ,     .  ,       -.    ,        (2:2122).

       ,         .        (1:16),          (2:21, 23).       (1:1720),      (2:23).  ,   (1:20),     . ,    (1:1920),     (2:22).   (1:19)     (2:22).    ,    .      ,      (1:5, 8, 11, 13).    ,     (2:2123).



.   (2:2327)




   ,     (.  4:2; . 149:2),           ,     .         ,    ,  ,    ,   .  ,         ,      . -     .              


.

,   2:23    ,        .       -       .   ,         .

1.   (hammoreh).      .     .      


.        ( 36:22; . 30:20)  ,      (. 2:3).

2.      .    :    (. 9:6);        (. 55:4).

3.    .     .      ,   (. 53:11)  ,     (. 9:24).

4.  ,     ,       .    ,    ,   .         


.     (2:24).       ,    ,      (. 6:38).

        . ,         ,     .      ,       ,  


.     ,       .           -     . ,     ,  ,      (2:2527).   ,  ,        ,          .   ,    (. 1:23).







1  , ,   ,   . Harold Brodsky, Locusts in the Book of Joel, Bible Review (Aug. 1990), p. 39.

2 Leslie Allen, The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah and Micah in The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1976), p. 67.

3 Hans Wolff, Joel and Amos (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977), p. 42.

4 Ibid., p. 50.

5         ,       . NIV  NASB   ,   2:1-17     .  (op. it., . 52) ,       2:2    ,   .         2:17.

6 Wolff, ibid.

7   ( 2:2327)       ,      : What the Bible Says About the Promised Messiah (Nashville: Nelson, 1993), pp. 220229.

8 ,   =       ;  =       ;  =        .    2:23. Smith, ibid., pp. 225227.

9  . 83:7 Moreh      .        .

1C,   , moreh,   ,        .       yoreh.                ,  ,    ,  .   .

11 . . 6:27, 33, 35, 4851, 53.




 

 

 2:283:21



       ,   ,        .          .    , ,   .






 

 2:2829


         (ruach).     ,   .        .     (. 32:15; 44:3  ).       (. 42:1; 61:1).        .



.   (2:2829)

  .   (shaphach)     .   ,      ,      . ϸ ,        ,         (. 2:33).

     ,     ,  ,   


.   ,     ,   .           .          (. . 39:29; . 12:10).  ,       ,    .        .         ,    (. 3:28). ϸ, ,        ,      ,   []      (. 2:39).

       .    .         (. 11:25; . 3:8).          .      ,         (. 12:6).




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