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  蠖   ,  ,    , ,  ,     ,      .    ,      ,  ,    ,      ,     ⠖ [8 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRsaxXrjk3w&ab_channel=playinhard (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRsaxXrjk3w&ab_channel=playinhard)].    ,        ,    . , ,              ,      .

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   ,   , ,  ,     ,       .   .         ,   ,    [   20  ] ,          [14 -  .  .]. ,     ,    : ,     ,   [15 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/,_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC)].    :        ,    ( ,  ,  ,   ),          ,  ,     .  -, ,  ,    ,  ,  ,  ,     !     , ,    ,      ,   ,  ,        ,         , ,    ,  : !    ![16 -  .  . . Melvyn Bragg, "Melvyn Bragg onWilliam Tyndale," Daily Telegraph (London), June6, 2013, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/10096770/Melvyn-Bragg-on-William-Tyndale-his-genius-matched-thatof-Shakespeare.html.    --       (TheMost Dangerous Man inTudor England),   ,     https://vimeo.com/139898687 (https://vimeo.com/139898687). .  ⠫  , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobus_Latomus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobus_Latomus); Jacob Latomus, Confutations Against William Tyndale, trans. James A. Willis (Leuven, 1542), https://web.archive.org/web/20080517104730/http://www.tyndale.org/Reformation/1/latomus1.html (https://web.archive.org/web/20080517104730/http://www.tyndale.org/Reformation/1/latomus1.html).]

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    堖  ,   .    , :     ,      ,   .    ,  蠖 , , ,     . Ƞ    ,    ,     :  ;  ,   ;   ,      ,   ;       ,     ,      ,     .

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 , ,  , ,  ,    ,       .     ,      ,  2013.,  26,  ,    蠖 [24 - Harold Abelson, Peter A. Diamond, Andrew Grosso, andDouglas W. Pfeiffer, "Report tothe President: MITand theProsecution ofAaron Swartz," July26, 2013 (Cambridge: MIT), http://swartz-report.mit.edu/.    . . Cory Doctorow, "MIT Blocking Release ofAaron Swartz's Secret Service Files," Boing Boing, July18, 2013, https://boingboing.net/2013/07/18/mit-blocking-release-of-aaron.html; Michael Morisy, "After Pledging 'Spirit ofOpenness,' MITDelays Release ofAaron Swartz's Secret Service Files, Pending Review," Boston.com, July18, 2013, https://www.boston.com/news/innovation/2013/07/18/after-pledging-spirit-of-openness-mit-delays-release-of-aaron-swartzs-secret-service-files-pending-review ofOpenness, https://www.boston.com/news/innovation/2013/07/18/after-pledging-spirit-of-openness-mit-delays-release-of-aaron-swartzs-secret-service-files-pending-review/ (https://www.boston.com/news/innovation/2013/07/18/after-pledging-spirit-of-openness-mit-delays-release-of-aaron-swartzs-secret-service-files-pending-review/)]. ,     ,   .     ,  ,                . Ƞ     ,     ,   :    ,       ,   ?[25 - Chris Bourg, "Open asin Dangerous," (talk, Creative Commons Global Summit, Toronto, ON, April14, 2018), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JN3EGpraAY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JN3EGpraAY).]

     頖  4,  4,8, , ,   ,              .    JSTOR   ,  ;        12   75 .

,   ,  .    14500  ,     [26 -     https://swartzfiles.com/. . Kevin Poulsen, "First 100 Pages ofAaron Swartz's Secret Service File Released," Wired, August12, 2013, https://www.wired.com/2013/08/swartz-foia-release/ (https://www.wired.com/2013/08/swartz-foia-release/).].     :



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f.        JSTOR  -  [27 - United States v. Swartz, United States District Court, District ofMassachusetts, Criminal No. 1110260-NMG, Document 2, July14, 2011, viewable at https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/07/swartz_indictment.pdf (https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/07/swartz_indictment.pdf). Asecond indictment added nine more felony counts; see United States v. Swartz, United States District Court, District ofMassachusetts, Criminal No. 1110260-NMG, Document 53, September12, 2012, viewable at https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2012/09/swartzsuperseding.pdf (https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2012/09/swartzsuperseding.pdf).].


  ,    , :  1343 18   (    ),  1030 (a)(4), (b) 18   (  ),  1030 (a)(2), (b), (c)(2)(B)(iii) 18   (    ),  1030 (a)(5)(B), (c)(4)(A)(i)(I), (VI) 18   (    ),  2 18   ( ),   981 (a)(2)(B),  2461 (c),  982 (a)(2)(B)  1030 (i) 18   (  )[28 - "18 U. S. Code1343. Fraud bywire, radio, ortelevision," Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute, accessed October13, 2020, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1343 (https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1343).].

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             . ʠ1500.           8 .   ,   ,    - 150200  [33 - Lucien Febvre andHenri-Jean Martin, TheComing ofthe Book: TheImpact ofPrinting 14501800 (NewYork: Verso, 1976), https://books.google.com/books?id=9opxcMjv4TUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ViewAPI#v=onepage&q&f=false (https://books.google.com/books?id=9opxcMjv4TUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ViewAPI#v=onepage&q&f=false); Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, ThePrinting Revolution inEarly Modern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), online inpart at http://assets.cambridge.org/052184/5432/frontmatter/0521845432_frontmatter.htm (http://assets.cambridge.org/052184/5432/frontmatter/0521845432_frontmatter.htm); "Global Spread ofthe Printing Press," Wikimedia Foundation, last modified June2, 2020, 03:38, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_spread_of_the_printing_press (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_spread_of_the_printing_press).].       蠖       ,   , ,  ,  , , ,    ,       :  ,  ""   .   1789.     ,   , ,   .   , ,     [] 1600 1756.,   ,  ,   "",   , 17701776.[34 - Eisenstein, ThePrinting Press, 147. . Ithiel de Sola Pool, Technologies ofFreedom: OnFree Speech inan Electronic Age (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983); Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, "Some Conjectures about theImpact ofPrinting onWestern Society andThought: APreliminary Report," Journal ofModern History 40, no. 1 (March1968): 52.          . . JohnLough, TheEncyclopdie (NewYork: David McKay Company, 1971),29.]. ,   ,  頖  28 , 71818 , 2885    20 . Ƞ,      ,      [35 - Robert Darnton, TheBusiness ofEnlightenment: APublishing History ofthe Encyclopdie, 17751800 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979), 7. . John Lough, TheEncyclopdie ofDiderot andD'Alembert: Selected Articles (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954),ix.].

  젖 蠫,   , ,      ,   ,  ,  ,   [36 -      , . General Chronology ofthe Encyclopdie, https://encyclopedie.uchicago.edu/node/82 (https://encyclopedie.uchicago.edu/node/82).     : https://encyclopedie.uchicago.edu/node/174 (https://encyclopedie.uchicago.edu/node/174).        ,     XVIII  XXI.         : https://encyclopedie.uchicago.edu/ (https://encyclopedie.uchicago.edu/)        ,    : https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/ (https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/).     (Lough, TheEncyclopdie, 20). ߠ              .].     軠     ,    XVIII,     60  , 蠫 ( ,       ,      ),   1751.,   36 ,      . 24 堖 , ,  . 36  堖    . 36 堖 , .. ʠ 1755     280⠖   ,     2 , 頖 6[37 - Gerry Lalonde, "Monetary Values in16501750 inNewFrance Compared toToday, Rootsweb.com, accessed October13, 2020, http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~unclefred/genealogy/MONETARY.htm.].

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   1751.,  .    1753., 頖 1754., 頖 1755., 頖 1756., 頖 1757., ,   頖 1765.     17621772.

   ![48 - Lough, TheEncyclopdie.    . ⠫General Chronology ofthe Encyclopdie, ARTFL Encyclopdie.         . . Melvyn Bragg, "The Encyclopdie," InOurTime, BBC Radio 4, 45:00, http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20061026.shtml.]

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notes








1


http://nlr.ru/voltaire/RA382/istoriya-sobraniya (http://nlr.ru/voltaire/RA382/istoriya-sobraniya); http://nlr.ru/voltaire (http://nlr.ru/voltaire); https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bx000070514/view/?#page=1 (https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bx000070514/view/?#page=1).




2


        .     1823.    I,      ,   ,   . .: . .   / . . .     , https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/dostoevsky-21st-century-reflections-bicentenary.




3


 . Early Cinema inRussia andits Cultural Reception.




4


https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/tattoos-and-numbers-the-system-of-identifying-prisoners-at-auschwitz (https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/tattoos-and-numbers-the-system-of-identifying-prisoners-at-auschwitz); https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_of_inmates_in_German_concentration_camps#/media/File: Tatuerat_f%C3%A5ngnummer.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_of_inmates_in_German_concentration_camps#/media/File: Tatuerat_f%C3%A5ngnummer.jpg)




5


 . Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans andthe Holocaust.




6


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7


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8


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9


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10


 .-.  / .. .




11


 .  :    IXX. , :    .  , 2006. 452 .




12


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13


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14


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15


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17


 .  . .: -, 1995.




18


 XVI     ,   .       . . Thehistory ofmedia & social change Anthony Grafton inINT's ENLIGHTENMENT MINUTES, YouTube- Intelligent Channel, https://youtu.be/VosaOdqbVf4. (https://youtu.be/VosaOdqbVf4.)




19


Ƞ  (Daniell, William Tyndale,277).




20


Constance M. Furey, "Invective andDiscernment inMartin Luther, D. Erasmus, andThomas More," Harvard Theological Review 98, no. 4 (October2005): 486, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017816005001069 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017816005001069).




21


Bragg, TheMost Dangerous Man, 43:15.           (Daniell, William Tyndale,277).




22


David Cressy, "Book Burning inTudor andStuart England," TheSixteenth Century Journal 36, no. 2 (Summer 2005): 359374, https://doi.org/10.2307/20477359 (https://doi.org/10.2307/20477359).




23


Daniell, William Tyndale, 374384.




24


Harold Abelson, Peter A. Diamond, Andrew Grosso, andDouglas W. Pfeiffer, "Report tothe President: MITand theProsecution ofAaron Swartz," July26, 2013 (Cambridge: MIT), http://swartz-report.mit.edu/.    . . Cory Doctorow, "MIT Blocking Release ofAaron Swartz's Secret Service Files," Boing Boing, July18, 2013, https://boingboing.net/2013/07/18/mit-blocking-release-of-aaron.html; Michael Morisy, "After Pledging 'Spirit ofOpenness,' MITDelays Release ofAaron Swartz's Secret Service Files, Pending Review," Boston.com, July18, 2013, https://www.boston.com/news/innovation/2013/07/18/after-pledging-spirit-of-openness-mit-delays-release-of-aaron-swartzs-secret-service-files-pending-review ofOpenness, https://www.boston.com/news/innovation/2013/07/18/after-pledging-spirit-of-openness-mit-delays-release-of-aaron-swartzs-secret-service-files-pending-review/ (https://www.boston.com/news/innovation/2013/07/18/after-pledging-spirit-of-openness-mit-delays-release-of-aaron-swartzs-secret-service-files-pending-review/)




25


Chris Bourg, "Open asin Dangerous," (talk, Creative Commons Global Summit, Toronto, ON, April14, 2018), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JN3EGpraAY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JN3EGpraAY).




26


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27


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28


"18 U. S. Code1343. Fraud bywire, radio, ortelevision," Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute, accessed October13, 2020, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1343 (https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1343).




29


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30


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31


 13  , 14    , 15        . ..




32


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33


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34


Eisenstein, ThePrinting Press, 147. . Ithiel de Sola Pool, Technologies ofFreedom: OnFree Speech inan Electronic Age (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983); Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, "Some Conjectures about theImpact ofPrinting onWestern Society andThought: APreliminary Report," Journal ofModern History 40, no. 1 (March1968): 52.          . . JohnLough, TheEncyclopdie (NewYork: David McKay Company, 1971),29.




35


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36


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42


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43


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45


Richard N. Schwab, "Translator's Introduction," inTheEncyclopedia ofDiderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project (Ann Arbor: Scholarly Publishing Office ofthe University ofMichigan Library, 2009), http://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/schwabintro.html (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/schwabintro.html), accessed October13, 2020. Originally published inJean LeRond d'Alembert, Preliminary Discourse tothe Encyclopedia ofDiderot, trans. Richard N. Schwab with thecollaboration ofWalter E. Rex(Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1995), ix-lii.




46


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47


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48


Lough, TheEncyclopdie.    . ⠫General Chronology ofthe Encyclopdie, ARTFL Encyclopdie.         . . Melvyn Bragg, "The Encyclopdie," InOurTime, BBC Radio 4, 45:00, http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20061026.shtml.




49


 .: .   :    . .:  -, 2022. .231234. ..




50


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51


David Daniell, TheBible inEnglish: ItsHistory andInfluence (New Haven, CT: YaleUniversity Press, 2003), 149. Π   . Robyn Page, "Tyndale's Crucible," Vision, Summer 2003, https://www.vision.org/tyndales-crucible-331 (https://www.vision.org/tyndales-crucible-331); Robyn Page, "William Tyndale: ABible forthe People," Vision, Summer 2003, https://www.vision.org/william-tyndale-bible-people-453 (https://www.vision.org/william-tyndale-bible-people-453). Π   . Michael Weitzman, "On Translating theOldTestament: TheAchievement ofWilliam Tyndale," Reformation 1 (1996): 165180, http://www.tyndale.org/reformj01/weitzman.html (http://www.tyndale.org/reformj01/weitzman.html).   :        .     ࠖ ,    .    ,       .              .       .


