 .    XXI 
 . 


  
        XXI           .         .           ?      ,        4050           ,   .         ,     , ,   ,       .        ,   :   ,      ,        ?  .    ,        .





 . 

 .    XXI 



Copyright  John B. Thompson

First Edition published in 2010 by Polity Press

This edition is published by arrangement with Polity Press Ltd., Cambridge.



 . ,   , 2023

 . ,  , 2023

    , 2023




   


           :     ,     .   , - ,  ,       ,   .        . ,    ,    ,      ,              ,     ,     .

 ,            ,       : ,   ,          .    ,         ,         .            ,           ,     .     .     XXI       ,         ,    ,       ,    . ,  -    ,    .

                   ,   .      2008  2009  -    ,    ,     ,   .     ,       ,     .    ,     .            -       ,   ,  ,       ,    ,  ,     ,         .           ,   ,  ,    ,     .               :    ,      -       ,    . ,      ,               :        .       ,               ,       ,                   ,    .       ,   ,   ,            .       ,       ,     , ,          .



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,      ,      ,   , ,     .   XV             ,     ,       ,         .  -     ,    ,               ,     ,            ,  ,     .     ,        ,     ,  -   ,      ,   ,   .        ,  ,     -             .

                    .      ,        ,      ,     ,    (,  Taylor & Francis, Palgrave Macmillan  SAGE Publications)  ,     (, Pearson  McGraw-Hill).       2005       .             :  ,           ,         ,         ,      ,         ,    .     ,      ,  -       ,               ,        -,      .        ,   .        , ,       ,      ,         .

,      ,     ,  2005  2009 .         (ESRC)     (RES-000-22-1292),            -  .           -, , ,   ,   ,              ,         .       ,   ,        .       ,                    .   ,   ,      ,   ,     ? .   ,    ,        ,     ,    ,   ,       .      ;     ,   ,      ,  ,       (  ,    ,   ).  ,                ,      .

              ,          .     ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     ESRC          ,            .           ,           Polity      ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  Β,     ,       . ,     ,          (  )     ,       .








  ,         -.    2007 ;    ,  -,      .     ,    XIX ;     ,        .        ,    ,  ,           .   .  (  ),  ,       , , , ,    ,  ,               .           -  .      -  ,     , , , , , , , , , -,    ;       . ,     ,   ,  ,        ,    -  , ,   -   ,       ,        .    ?  .   ,    ?       . ,     .        ?           .

            (       ,   2007     ).     -          ,      .    2007        .                               ,       ,   ,      .      , ,      :  46-          .                  18  2007 ;     ,      ,  .     Wall Street Journal  , ,   ,   .     ,                 Wall Street Journal.   20           .    ,   ABC    Journal      .    ,          .        YouTube,         .

     Wall Street Journal -      , ,         .   ,  ,          ,   ,         .      ,          ,      .       -,         .           15-    - .       .     ?    . 6,75  ,  . 6,75  ?! ,  , ! , , Hyperion    6,75  ,  .      .    ,  180 ,         .      .  -  6,75        ,   ,           ?  , 40 000  50 000 ,     ,    .  6,75  ?           ?     , ,  .    ,      (,          ,    ).   ,   ,  ?         ,      ,  ?

    ,           .   ,        4050          ,          .      ,         ,        ,       :         ,     ,         ,   ,  .




 


  ?               [1 - .: Bourdieu P. The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature / ed. Randal Johnson. Cambridge: Polity, 1993; Bourdieu P. Some Properties of Fields // Sociology in Question / tr. Richard Nice. London: Sage, 1993. P. 7277; Bourdieu P. The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field / tr. Susan Emanuel. Cambridge: Polity, 1996.].       ,      ,              ,   .     -,  ,       ,            ,   .      ,    ,  .       ,       ,      ,   .

  ,        . -,    ,       ,    ,    ,  ,       . ,    ,   ,      ,    ,        . .            .     :  , , , ,   . .                ,    .       ,    ,      ,  ,    .     : ,    ,  ,     .               ,            ,     .

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 ,     ,   ,       ,                ,   .      ,     ,      ,            .

         ?   ,     ,      :     ,  ,  ,      (. 1)[2 -    : Thompson J. B. Books in the Digital Age: The Transformation of Academic and Higher Education Publishing in Britain and the United States. Cambridge: Polity, 2005. P. 3036.        ,   ,    ,     ,      ,       .].       ,     ,     ,        ( ),   (              ).     ,  ,    ,   .        ,        .   (  )       ,      , ,       ,              .        ,   .                    .






. 1.    



   ,  :     ,    ,         (     ,    ,     )         ,       .                   .          :    , , ,   . .,  ,    ,    ,       .     ,           ,                         ,      .

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  , ,       ,     ?        ,   ,       [3 - .: Bourdieu P. Language and Symbolic Power / ed. J. B. Thompson. Cambridge: Polity, 1991; Thompson J. B. The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media. Cambridge: Polity, 1995. P. 16.].      ,      ,         ,      ,         .     ,     .       ,      .      ,       ,  ,        ,    :     ( ,    )  ,    ,       (  ).         ,          (    ,   ,     ,    ).            .           ,              :      ,        ,   ,    .        ,  ,    ,              . ,         ,     .        : ,    ,                 .

        ,   ,     ,     ,       .         ,    ,  ,  ,    . .,     .             .        , ,     ,    ,           ,             .                ,    ,   ,   ,          .

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              .   ,     ,          :     ,       ,   ,    -,         ,     ,  ,  ,    .          .    ,    ,  ,     ,   ,        .         ,    ,    ,       .         ,     -   ,        .               ,            ,       ,    ,    ,           .

    ,      ,      .     ,            ,      . .        ,    .           ,     ,      .                 ,     ,         .          ,       ,    .

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         ,     ,     ,        ,          .       ,       ;     ,     ,  ,      ,  ,       [4 -              : Thompson J. B. Books in the Digital Age.].      ,        [5 - ,    ,         ,  ,  ,    ,             .           ,          ,              .],  ,   ,     ,     ,     ,          ,   , , , ,    .             .        ,       ,        ,  ,        ,   ,     - .

,  -         ,  :     ,   XIX    ,       -    -         ,               [6 -       .: Crystal D. English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.             . : Thompson J. B. Books in the Digital Age. P. 4143.].         ,   ,    ,   ,  [7 -  2002       215 000   ,     125 000,     79 000,     70 000,     59 000. .  9  10 ,            .         . : Publishing Market Watch: Final Report, submitted to the European Commission (27 Jan. 2005) (http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/media_taskforce/doc/pmw_20050127.pdf).   ,    (    )    2008   2,36  ,    (    )    2,15  ;   ,    (    1,5  ),  (791  )   (755  ).    : http://data.un.org.].  ,   ,  ,    ,     .          ,      ,               .                 [8 -   ,  ,     ,   ,   ,   6%       ; .: Wischenbart R. The Many, Many Books  For Whom? (11 Sep. 2005).       . : Wischenbart R. Diversity Report 2008: An Overview and Analysis of Translation Statistics across Europe (21 Nov. 2008).          -    : Kovac M. Never Mind the Web: Here Comes the Book. Oxford: Chandos, 2008. P. 121127.].

    -   ,   ,   ?        . -    ,        - ; ,  ,    ,           ,               .  , ;  ,  ,  , .   ,    .      ,    -    ,     . ,                     ,    ,     .    ,     ,        .             ,  ,        .         ,       ,   ,  ,           [9 -         8.].




 


  ,     (  ),        ,  .        ,  ,      ,   ,         ,      ,        .

         .      ,      ,                  ,   .   2      .       .       ;       ,    ,       .             ,   . .,         ,        ,        .           ,     , ,   ,                     (, )    .        ,       ,      .       ,      ,     ,        ,      .                 ;        ,   .






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          ,          .    ,      ,     :       ,              ,      (      )  .  ,     .            (  ) ,     ,   ,   (  )     ,     .      ,     . ,       ,         ,          XML,   ( )      .






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  3        .    ,   2,           (  ,       ,   ).

       ,      ,    ,   .    ,      .     :       ,         .     ,      : , ,   ,      ,         ,     ;     ,      ;      ,     ,  . .          ,  ,   ,        ,       ,   [10 -         . ,     .  : Coser L. A., Kadushin Ch., Powell W. W. Books: The Culture and Commerce of Publishing. New York: Basic Books, 1982.    .].      , , ,    ,     ,           ,   ,     .

    ,      ,           .         ,          :              (,  ,      ),          (   ),      .            (  );      ,          .      ,    ,    ,    ,      ,   .      ,      ,  ,  ,  .        ,                  ,     .     ,      (      ),      ,      /.   ,          ,       [11 -            ,            1930? ,                  .  1930   Putnam, Norton  Knopf  ,          ,   1932   Viking Press ,           10%   (.: Tebbel J. A History of Book Publishing in the United States. Vol. 3: The Golden Age between the Two Wars, 19201940. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1978. P. 429430, 441).       ,          .].        ,                 ,        (  )   ,      ,  ,      ,   .

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. 4.   



                  ,        ?       ?            -   ?       ?        .  ,       ,    ?    ,      ,            ,   ,       ,         .   4            ,          .




   


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           ,         :               ( 1),            ( 2)            ,   1960?       ( 3).   ,          ,  ,      ,    ;      48.            ,        .   9          ,    10           .         ,          XXI .

          ,        ,           (          2).     ,  Nielsen BookScan,      (Book Industry Study Group, BISG), Subtext   .         ,   ,   ,   ,       . ,   ,     ,     ,         ,     [12 - .: Coser L. A., Kadushin Ch., Powell W. W. Books.].  ,      ,      ,   1970? ;      .  ,      ,          ,         ,      .      ,         ,     ,      ,     .

  ,       ,      New Yorker  ,     ,       -  [13 - Whiteside Th. The Blockbuster Complex: Conglomerates, Show Business, and Book Publishing. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1980.].      1980                 ,   ,    ,      ,  ,      -  ,     .           ,       . ,          ,       ?  ,   ?    .  ,        ,      ,   ,       , ,  ,  . ,              ,             ,   ,   .     ,      ,      ,       ,       ,            - .

       ,   -         ,   . ,                 (      )[14 - Schiffrin A. The Business of Books: How International Conglomerates Took Over Publishing and Changed the Way We Read. London: Verso, 2000; Epstein J. Book Business: Publishing Past Present and Future. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001.].  ,            :      Panteon,          1989     ,      The New Press,         Random House,             .               ;      ,      19601970? ,          ,  ,   .             .       ,   ,      :     .  ,       ,   ,          ,          . ,               ,         ,    ,       .             ,     .

          ,    ,     .   ,  ,       ,    ,           ,      ,       ?  ( )  .            ,        .     ,   :    ,        ,                   .   , ,   ,           ,       ,      ,          ,      ,     .




1.  



        ,        1960? .    XX              ,    ,    ,    ,  , ,     [15 - .: Miller L. J. Reluctant Capitalists: Bookselling and the Culture of Consumption. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Ch. 2.].             ,   ,            ,      .         XIX . - Macys     1869          [16 - Ibid. P. 35.].  1951     40  60%      [17 - Ibid.].     ,       .      ,         ,    .




      


        ,   ,     ,    ,  ,       1960?       .      ,       :        ,      [18 - Epstein J. Book Business. P. 103 ff.].                       .  1962  Walden Book Company,            ,         .    Dayton Hudson Corporation  ,          ,     B. Dalton      .  1969       Pickwick        Pickwick,   1972    ,  B. Dalton Booksellers.  1980           450  B. Dalton. Waldenbooks     1960?  1970? ; 1981   Waldenbooks  750 ,   ,    ,       .

 , 1970?         ;  1980?      ,    Barnes & Noble  Borders. Barnes & Noble    ,        ,     1873    ,  ,  .  , ,  1917    -,         .     ,    -.  Barnes & Noble    ,    ,    ,        ,             18?   ;      .   1970? Barnes & Noble   .  ,  ,   1969 ,     Amtel, ,   ,    ;    ,   Amtel      .  1971   Barnes & Noble    ,      ,    -   1960? ,    .    Barnes & Noble     -  ,        .  1986  Barnes & Noble     B. Dalton  Dayton Hudson,   1989      Scribners  Bookstop/Bookstar        .    Barnes & Noble          .

  Barnes & Noble     ,    , Borders     ,    .  1971           -,  ; 1975       ,         .  1985        ,  ,         .                -.  1992  Borders     Kmart,   1984      Waldenbooks,    . Kmart  Borders  Waldenbooks   Borders Group,   1995    .    Borders Group  Barnes & Noble       ,     -      ,   Crown  Books-A-Million.

  1990?  Borders  Barnes & Noble  ,                  .         ,            ,     .  ,      ,      ,              , ,    ,       .      ,      ;          ,   .              ,    (3040%)    -[19 - -       . ,  ,   -  12 ,     -   ,   .]    (1020%)      ,          .       ,                .        ,    ,  ,  -,    .       ,     ,        .

     Barnes & Noble  Borders   1990?         B. Dalton  Walden      . ,  19931994  Barnes & Noble  52  B. Dalton,      750  1993   698  1994-;         200  268.     Borders  57  Walden,      1159  1102,         44  85 (.  1)[20 - .: Horvath S. The Rise of the Book Chain Superstore // Logos. 1996. Vol. 7. No. 1. P. 43.].           .

 2006  Barnes & Noble  723    ,  695   98    ;      4,8  [21 - Oda S., Sanislo G. The Subtext 20072008 Perspective on Book Publishing: Numbers, Issues and Trends. Darien, CT: Open Book, 2007. P. 67.].  ,        ,               ,  Babbages, Funco  Software Etc.     ,  2003   Sterling Publishing  ,      5000   ,          Barnes & Noble.  2009  Barnes & Noble     ,        Nook        -.


 1.  Borders  Barnes & Noble, 19931994 






*  . : Logos (1996).



Borders Group,      2006    4,1  ,            ,  1063    ,  499     Borders  564    Waldenbooks   .  Borders     ,    Borders    (        )    1997     Books Etc.    2000?        .  2007   ,       42       28  Books Etc.,      Risk Capital Partners      10   .       2009        2009 . 22  2009   45  Borders    .    Borders   ;      2006 ,        ,   .   2011  Borders ,          11[22 -     11        ,      -       ,          ,    ,       .          ;     ,   ,       . . .],       Borders  .

 Borders   ,   ,     Barnes & Noble  Borders,            ,    .   ,      ,     Barnes & Noble      .            -,   Amazon,     ( . );       ,          ,       .      Barnes & Noble   2007 . Barnes & Noble       ,    Amazon   ,  ,              .  Barnes & Noble   ,     Borders,  ,               45%  2006 [23 - Ibid. P. 64.]     .

,      1990?             . ,     ,       ,  ,             ,         .           .

                .       , , , .  1958   ,   ,  72%    ; 1980      40%    [24 - Whiteside Th. The Blockbuster Complex. P. 41.].      1990?         ,       ?      (   )   .    (),      ,       1990?    2000? :     5100  1991   1900  2004-.                  [25 - .: Striphas T. The Late Age of Print: Everyday Book Culture from Consumerism to Control. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009. P. 56.  ,   1997 ,   ,     12 000    ;       .],     ,            .  1993        23%  ;      50%.           24%   16%.     2000? ,   2006         13%    [26 - Oda S., Sanislo G. The Subtext 20072008 Perspective. P. 64.].

,             ,     ,     ,      .        ,       ,     ,      .          ,       .   ,           .     ,     ,             ,          .     ?     Barnes & Noble  Borders?   ,       ,           1990? .      ,   ,          .     , ,         ,     ,   ,   .   ,  ,          ,   ;          ,    .  2007      400  ,      .         ,     ,               .          -   ,        ,         .

        , ,  ,       ,      .     , ,  ,         ,  ,             .      ,            ,     1936      ,        ,    .         ,    ,      .  ,   1982        Avon  Bantam,     ,        1988 ,      1994        ,   [27 -     .  : Miller L. J. Reluctant Capitalists. Ch. 7.].   1996      ,   ,    ,     ,   [28 - Ibid. P. 179180.].   1998      ,        , Barnes & Noble  Borders,                 (         ).     ;  Barnes & Noble,  Borders             ,       .         ,    ,           [29 - Ibid. P. 180.].                  [30 -            ,          .        7.],     ,       .          ,              .  ,    ,        ,       ,   ,   ,    .

            .           1960?   1970?             ,       . B. Dalton  Waldenbooks,           ,       ,   .                 .      ,              ,    .           ,   1990-.     Barnes & Noble  Borders        .            ,       ,  ?           ,      .                 ,           ,        .   2000             ,     ,    ,       ,                    .            ,    ;     ,  - ,         ,    .               ,           ,     ,      ,    .

          .            ,     , ,     ,   ,     ,  ,       .    ,       ,               ,                  ,   .     :   ,      ,    .      ,       [31 - Epstein J. Book Business. P. 103.].      ,         ,                   .                     ,        .      . ,            ,      .    ,   ,   ,           ,   ,              .  ,            .

        ,   ,        :     ,        .     ,         ,   1930?    Penguin,   Pocket Books, Bantam, Dell, Fawcett, New American Library    ,         .  1940?          ;        ,  ,  ,  ,       ,       .           ,              ,     .  1960?       :  ,     ,      . ,        ,       ,    -,            1960-.      , , ,   ,       .                 ,    ,     , ,    .       ,     ,           .                ,   ,  ,     ,    ,         .

        1960?  1970?              ,                    ,          ,    .   1970?    ,    ,     ,  ,   -       ,     ,     ,     ,    .   ,  ,     ,    ,     ,      ,       ,             .          : ,    ,     ,     ,    ,       ,    铻,  ,         ,     .        ,         ,    ,     ,      , ,      .   1970? ,     ,     ,      ,  ,   1970? ,       .  ,           ,         ,           ,            .       .




  


         ,    ,       .   ,     ,               ,    .  ,                , ,   ,      ,   .  1970?    ,    500 000 ,    ,    .        810   ,     20  .   2000?      ,   ,    ,          .     ,    2003 ,  2006          18     .    ,             .            ,     ,  ,     ,    :   1950?  1960? ,     ,     ,   1980?  1990?     ,     .

           . -,  ,     ,     ,         ,     .         ,     ,         ,                    .           ,      ,   1960?  1990? .

      ,            .         ,       ,            .       1980?      , ,         ,        .     ,  ?                 ,     1970?  ,  .      ,   ,       ,   1980?,                              ,      .

  ,    1980?         ,       ,              ,  .  -,    ,      ,         1980?, ,      ,      ,       ,      :



 ,       ,     ,       .       ,      .      ,         ,         ,   .       : ,           .   ,     ,  , ,    .   - :    ,  ,   ,      ?           ,       : ,      . ,  ,       ,     ,        ,      .     .    ,   ,   ,          ,   .       .


    ,          ,                .                .     ,           .     ,         ,           ,   .      ,      ,       1980-           .

      ,   ,      ,   ,     .          1980?   1990?,      ,    ,          .               ,   ,                 .  1970?         10 : 1                .  1990?   2000? ,            40%   ,     3 : 1.  ,   -,       1960?  1970?,  ,        .   5  15        ,      (   ,      ?)    ,       ,         . ,          1990?   2000?,         .                ,      1950? ,  ,     -  Doubleday,               ,       ,      .   Doubleday    Anchor Books,          [32 - .: Epstein J. Book Business. Ch. 2.].         1990?   2000?        ,              ,     .            ,   ,    1980?   1990? ,        ,         ,           .




 Amazon


  ,  Barnes & Noble  Borders     ,      ,            1990-:   .    ,  , Amazon. Amazon.com    ,      ,     1995      ;  1998         [33 - Spector R. Amazon.com: Get Big Fast. London: Random House, 2000. P. 216.].   1990?  Amazon   ,   15,75    1996   610    1998 ,    : 1998  Amazon      124,5  ,    20%  .  2000    Amazon   1,2  .        .  2003  Amazon          35     5,2  .  2007     476  ,    14,8 .

   Amazon   1990?,        -.  Barnes & Noble    Amazon       1997     - b&n.com.  1998  Bertelsmann,      -, BooksOnline,  50-   b&n.com  200          -.  1999    b&n.com  202  ,          .  2003   Barnes & Noble   Bertelsmann  b&n.com         .  b&n.com    Barnes & Noble     ,        ,  ,       .   b&n.com       Amazon,   ,   b&n.com       . Borders Group    -  1997 ,  Borders.com    Amazon  b&n.com,   2000      27  .  2001  Borders      - Amazon,    ,     .

  -  ,       ,    ,    .  Amazon.com   ,  ,      ( :     )    175 000        . , ,     ,    Amazon        ,       .    Amazon         Ingram  Baker & Taylor:  Amazon    ,       ,          ,      .      :       ,    ,     ,         .   1996  Amazon          ,       ,     .    Amazon      ,                         ,    .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/dzhon-b-tompson/torgovcy-kulturoy-knigoizdatelskiy-biznes-v-xxi-veke-70094032/chitat-onlayn/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


.: Bourdieu P. The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature / ed. Randal Johnson. Cambridge: Polity, 1993; Bourdieu P. Some Properties of Fields // Sociology in Question / tr. Richard Nice. London: Sage, 1993. P. 7277; Bourdieu P. The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field / tr. Susan Emanuel. Cambridge: Polity, 1996.




2


   : Thompson J. B. Books in the Digital Age: The Transformation of Academic and Higher Education Publishing in Britain and the United States. Cambridge: Polity, 2005. P. 3036.        ,   ,    ,     ,      ,       .




3


.: Bourdieu P. Language and Symbolic Power / ed. J. B. Thompson. Cambridge: Polity, 1991; Thompson J. B. The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media. Cambridge: Polity, 1995. P. 16.




4


             : Thompson J. B. Books in the Digital Age.




5


,    ,         ,  ,  ,    ,             .           ,          ,              .




6


      .: Crystal D. English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.             . : Thompson J. B. Books in the Digital Age. P. 4143.




7


 2002       215 000   ,     125 000,     79 000,     70 000,     59 000. .  9  10 ,            .         . : Publishing Market Watch: Final Report, submitted to the European Commission (27 Jan. 2005) (http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/media_taskforce/doc/pmw_20050127.pdf).   ,    (    )    2008   2,36  ,    (    )    2,15  ;   ,    (    1,5  ),  (791  )   (755  ).    : http://data.un.org.




8


  ,  ,     ,   ,   ,   6%       ; .: Wischenbart R. The Many, Many Books  For Whom? (11 Sep. 2005).       . : Wischenbart R. Diversity Report 2008: An Overview and Analysis of Translation Statistics across Europe (21 Nov. 2008).          -    : Kovac M. Never Mind the Web: Here Comes the Book. Oxford: Chandos, 2008. P. 121127.




9


        8.




10


        . ,     .  : Coser L. A., Kadushin Ch., Powell W. W. Books: The Culture and Commerce of Publishing. New York: Basic Books, 1982.    .




11


           ,            1930? ,                  .  1930   Putnam, Norton  Knopf  ,          ,   1932   Viking Press ,           10%   (.: Tebbel J. A History of Book Publishing in the United States. Vol. 3: The Golden Age between the Two Wars, 19201940. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1978. P. 429430, 441).       ,          .




12


.: Coser L. A., Kadushin Ch., Powell W. W. Books.




13


Whiteside Th. The Blockbuster Complex: Conglomerates, Show Business, and Book Publishing. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1980.




14


Schiffrin A. The Business of Books: How International Conglomerates Took Over Publishing and Changed the Way We Read. London: Verso, 2000; Epstein J. Book Business: Publishing Past Present and Future. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001.




15


.: Miller L. J. Reluctant Capitalists: Bookselling and the Culture of Consumption. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Ch. 2.




16


Ibid. P. 35.




17


Ibid.




18


Epstein J. Book Business. P. 103 ff.




19


-       . ,  ,   -  12 ,     -   ,   .




20


.: Horvath S. The Rise of the Book Chain Superstore // Logos. 1996. Vol. 7. No. 1. P. 43.




21


Oda S., Sanislo G. The Subtext 20072008 Perspective on Book Publishing: Numbers, Issues and Trends. Darien, CT: Open Book, 2007. P. 67.




22


    11        ,      -       ,          ,    ,       .          ;     ,   ,       . . .




23


Ibid. P. 64.




24


Whiteside Th. The Blockbuster Complex. P. 41.




25


.: Striphas T. The Late Age of Print: Everyday Book Culture from Consumerism to Control. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009. P. 56.  ,   1997 ,   ,     12 000    ;       .




26


Oda S., Sanislo G. The Subtext 20072008 Perspective. P. 64.




27


    .  : Miller L. J. Reluctant Capitalists. Ch. 7.




28


Ibid. P. 179180.




29


Ibid. P. 180.




30


           ,          .        7.




31


Epstein J. Book Business. P. 103.




32


.: Epstein J. Book Business. Ch. 2.




33


Spector R. Amazon.com: Get Big Fast. London: Random House, 2000. P. 216.


