  
  


      ,    ,       ,       养






 

 



I

      ,    ,       ,       [1 -  .  . , 1872, .503505,514,515, 532,533.].

 ,   ,   ,    ,    ,      ࠖ     .           .     ,     .    .  .   ,  , , ,     .   ,  ,  ;    ,  ,  ,   ,     ,       ,     .    ,     ,      ,        ⠖ , , ,     ,    ,   . Ѡ     ;       ,         ,   .  ,  ,   . ,    ,   ,      .  ,  ,   ;    ,    ,       ,         ,   ,  ,    ,     ,     .       . ,  ,   ,  ,  ,   ,  廅

,      ,      ,                 ,            , ,        . Ѡ     . ,        , . Ѡ ,      ; 頖       .       ,      ,     ,   .       .

    ,     ,      ,    ,    ,   .     ,    ,   ,     ,  ,  ,  .     ,     .  ,      .

, -,        , ,    ,    ,    ,   軅

          ,      .   ,   ,  ,     ,    , ,             ,    ,  ,        .                 컅

           ,   .  ,     ,   ,      .          , ꠫ .      ꠖ  頖    .       . ,       .     ,       ,       :

 ( )  ,     ;         .

  ,       ;     ,   ;    ,  ,      .        ,   ,     . Ѡ        ,   ,          .

    ,    . ,   ,  ,           , ,  ,  ,    ,   ໋

    ,      :     ,    .            ,      ,  .       ;      ,     .    ,    . ʠ,         ,  .  ?  ,  ,  ,  , ,     ,      , 頖    ,    ,     ,   .    ,   ,       ,   ,  ,    ,    .     ,  ,  ,    .  ,   ,    ,   .    .    ,   ,   ,       .        ,  蠖 , .    ,       .           ,         . Ӡ         ,    ;       ,  ,            .                . ,   ,    ,  . Ӡ  ,    .       ,  ,       ,        ,  , ,  ,         

,  ,    . ,    ,          ,  ,   ,    ,     ,    , .       黅

       ,   .     ,     .    .        ,        , , ,  -      .         ,   .      ,    ,          ;    ,    .        ,  , ,  ,     , ,  ,  , ,           , .        ; ,  ,  .   .  ,         ;   ,   ,  ,  ,    ,         ,   ,   , ,  , ,      ,   ,   .   ,     ,   ,    ,    ;       ,   ,    ;   ,    ,     ,         . ,  ,       ,         ,   ,  , ,  ,    ,   ,  ,  ,  , ,    [2 -  , .114117, 137139,146.].

   ,   ,    ,   ,   ,   .         ,  ⠫ ,    ,    .        ,      , ,       .


II

    .  ⠫ [3 -  , ., 1885, .717756.]  ,  -  .  , -,      ,    .  , ,   , ,         . ߠ   ,  . , ,   ,  , ,    , , [4 - , .735.].    , 蠫 , 蠫 , ,  . ,  ,     [5 - , .721.].

               ,  ,        .

   ⠫         ..[6 -  , , 1875, .363, 364, 369, 370,384.]. ,  ,  ,    ,       , , ,      ,     ,   ,    ,   ,   -   .   : ,            ?     ,      ,    ,       ?..    ,    ,   ,              - ,    ,    ,   , ,  ,   ,      : lareligiou est avant tout une chose dexperience personnelle. ,     ,     , ,             .  , ,  ( ,      ,   ), , ..    ,   .   ;     .

 .         ,  ,       .       .        .      ,   ,  ,  , ,    .  ,           (?)   .  ?   , 䠫  蠫.          .   ,     ,     .        ,   ,     ,  . ,  ,     .  ,    (?) ,   ,      ,    .     . ,      ,       .         .   ,  ,       .  ,  ,         ,      .      ,                .        ,     ,   ,    ,    .

,             ,  ,     .     .         .   ,   ,    , ,          .   ,           . ʠ    .     ;    .  ,  ,     , , , ,    , ,  ,    .     .

  ,  ,      .     :  ,   ,   ,   , ,    ,       . ,        .         ,           . ,    ,   . ,    ,    ,  .      ; ,   ,    .

  ,      , ᠫ  , ᠫ ,   ,     ,               ,     ,              ?

     ,   .         .

      . ߠ          .


III

  ,     ,     .

 ,   ;  .  : ,  , , ,   .

,   ,   -   ;  :   ;       -  ; ,      .

  ,     :  .       ,  .     ,  ;     ;    ;        ,  ;          ,    ;            ;     ,       .

    .    ,        ,   ,       Nineteenth Century,  1885  1886,    (Huxley),    .

   ,   .   ,   ,  , :       ,     ,  (Equus caballus),      ,   ,  , ꠄHomo Sapiens    ,    

Ƞ:

,       ,      .                    [7 - From amorphological point ofview our beautiful anduseful contemporary, Imight almost call him colleague, theHorse (Equus caballus), isthelast term oftheevolutional Series towhich he belongs, just asHomo Sapiens isthelast member oftheSeries ofwhich he isamember What we are usually pleased tocall religion nowadays, isforthemost part, Hellenised Judaism; and, not unfrequently, theHellenic element carries with it amighty remnant ofold world paganism andagreat infusion oftheworst andweakest produits ofGreek Scientific Speculation (Nineteenth Century. December1885).].

   (  )  :

 ,      ;   ,  ;      ,                 (?!) ߠ,      ,      ,       .      ,     ,   ,         ,   ,       ,          ,  ,   [8 - As, century after century, theages roll on, polytheism comes back under thedisguise ofMariolatry andtheadoration ofSaints; image worship becomes asrampant asinold Egypt; adoration ofrelics takes theplace oftheold fetish worship andeven thelustral fluid ofpaganism isreplaud byholy water attheporches ofthetemples Thegreatest men ofthemiddle ages are unable toescape theinfection Itismy conviction that, with thespread ofculture andits necessary concomitant, aconstant elevation oftheStandard ofveracity, theeud oftheevolution oftheology will be like its beginning, itwill cease tohave any relation toethics Itmay be that themajority ofmankind may find thepractice ofmorality made easier bytheuse oftheological symbols Butwhen such symbols are dealt with asreal existences, I think thehighest duty which islaid upon men ofScience istoshow that these dogmatic idols have no greater value than thefabrications ofmens hands, theStacks andtheStones, which they have replaced (Nineteenth Century. April1886).].

  ,   ,        .      ,   ,     ;   ,    ,   .       .    ,    ,    ,  .       ,      ,     (Unbegreiflich viel Denken dazu verwandt, Sich Gott ausderWelt wegzudenken).   .        ,          .      ,     (Unknowable).      .    , ,          .      ,  ,     .   ,  ,  ,   .      [9 - Nineteenth Century, Jan. 1885.]:            . ,   ,  ,  ,    ;      .      , ,    ,   , ,  .     -  pro anthropos,       ,   protanthropos.          ,   ,        ,    ,  .  ,    ,   ;         .  ;  ;       .     .       




  .


   .

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notes








1


 .  . , 1872, .503505,514,515, 532,533.




2


 , .114117, 137139,146.




3


 , ., 1885, .717756.




4


, .735.




5


, .721.




6


 , , 1875, .363, 364, 369, 370,384.




7


From amorphological point ofview our beautiful anduseful contemporary, Imight almost call him colleague, theHorse (Equus caballus), isthelast term oftheevolutional Series towhich he belongs, just asHomo Sapiens isthelast member oftheSeries ofwhich he isamember What we are usually pleased tocall religion nowadays, isforthemost part, Hellenised Judaism; and, not unfrequently, theHellenic element carries with it amighty remnant ofold world paganism andagreat infusion oftheworst andweakest produits ofGreek Scientific Speculation (Nineteenth Century. December1885).




8


As, century after century, theages roll on, polytheism comes back under thedisguise ofMariolatry andtheadoration ofSaints; image worship becomes asrampant asinold Egypt; adoration ofrelics takes theplace oftheold fetish worship andeven thelustral fluid ofpaganism isreplaud byholy water attheporches ofthetemples Thegreatest men ofthemiddle ages are unable toescape theinfection Itismy conviction that, with thespread ofculture andits necessary concomitant, aconstant elevation oftheStandard ofveracity, theeud oftheevolution oftheology will be like its beginning, itwill cease tohave any relation toethics Itmay be that themajority ofmankind may find thepractice ofmorality made easier bytheuse oftheological symbols Butwhen such symbols are dealt with asreal existences, I think thehighest duty which islaid upon men ofScience istoshow that these dogmatic idols have no greater value than thefabrications ofmens hands, theStacks andtheStones, which they have replaced (Nineteenth Century. April1886).




9


Nineteenth Century, Jan. 1885.


