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Agile-.   



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     ,  Meta Platforms Inc.,    .



Authorized translation from theEnglish language edition, entitled UNLOCKING AGILITY: ANINSIDER`S GUIDE TOAGILE ENTERPRISE TRANSFORMATION, 1st Edition; ISBN: 0134542843; byHESSELBERG, JORGEN; published byPearson, publishing asAddison-Wesley Professional.



All rights reserved. Nopart ofthis book may be reproduced ortransmitted inany form orby any means, electronic ormechanical, including photocopying, recording orby any information storage retrieval system, without permission from Pearson Education,Inc.



Pearson Education, 2018

  , , . Π,  , 2024


* * *


        :  ,   젖  







  


         Agile-. Ѡ  ,          .   Agile         .      .

    ,    .       , ,  .         ,        ,       .

  ,    :     ,  , , - ,  .  ,        ,   ,    . ,         ,  ,    .

    頖 Beyond Budgeting.       Agile,   ,       .    ,          .

Ƞ  . ߠ :  ,         , ,    .    .

 ࠖ     . ߠ       ,   . ,       .    ,     ,      .    ,      ,    ,    , ,     agile-.    ,  ,   .    !



 ,      Equinor,    Beyond Budgeting




  


   2011 10:30   Borders.com (https://borders.com/),  -  Borders,  ;           -.      Borders,    ,  -,        -     .

   ,   Borders,      ,  , ,      .   ,   Borders,  1971-,      ,      Kmart 1992-,   ,     .

    ,  Borders,      Amazon.com,  1994  .    ,  Borders      17.    :  ,   Borders  ,  1971-.

  Borders      ,   .  , ,   ,   ,     ? Ƞ  - ,      ?


  

   ,    NAVTEQ .   ,   ,    :         Menlo Innovations,    -.        Agile,   Menlo,      ,      . Ƞ . ,    NAVTEQ, ,  ,   .       .

            ,    ,   gile-.   ,  IT,  ,    , - .     ,     (!)    .       ,   .   . Ƞ  .


,  ,  ,   ۠

    2007     IT- Borders,     ,  ,     .       Amazon     -.    ,   ,    Borders.

,   . Ƞ    .

   ,  .    Borders    ,  20 ,    .    ?

  ,  . Ӡ        ,    .

   . Ѡ        .    ,   .   ,     .     , , ,  .  堖    .   .  .    ,  : , , ,  .

     ,  ,   .

   ,  ,   ,    .    ,  .   ,     NAVTEQ, Intel  ,    .  ࠖ     ,    ,  ,   .

   ,     .      ,   . ߠ,           .

   ?

  ?

     ,         ?

 ,     ,         . ߠ  ,  Borders,    .  ,  ,    ,    Seattles Best Coffee       .

,       ,      . , ;  ,     . ,     ,      .  ,   ,     . ࠖ !

    !    ,       .



 ,   Menlo Innovations,    .  ,  [1 -  .  .  ,  . (http://litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=8205726) .: , 2014. ..]







   . ,    -    ,     -  . ,    蠖     ,     ,   ,    -. , ,    ,       ,       .

    ,       ?  :   .      ,    ,  ,   ,   ,   .            ,      ,   ,    .    ,               ,  .

  ? ,      ,     ,  ,   ?          蠖   . Ѡ ,      ,        ;  ,     ,       ,   . Ѡ ,            .        ,   ;   ,    ,  ,     ,  .

     .    ,  ,        ,     ,      . ߠ    ,   :   ,  . ߠ      , ,  . ߠ ,       ,   ,     . ߠ   ,      Agile, .

  ,  :  , agile- 頖  ,  ,        .       ,     ,      ,     .  ,  ,   .


 Ƞ

  蠖     ,        -.  ,          ,   ,       .       ,    ( ),       .            .   ,    .   ,  .  蠖  ,      .

   :     ,   ,   .        ,   - .    ,     (   ) . -, ,        ( ,   ),     ,   ,   ,    ,   .     .


    ?

   , ,  ,       ,   ,   ,      .     -,     ,      ,    .

  ,  IT,    . HR, ,  ,     agile-,    , 蠖  .


 

    ,      : , .

  蠖    (#ch1)  ,        -.    Agile     VUCA,  Cynefin        .

     (#litres_trial_promo)       ,      ,  , ,       .

  Agile- (#litres_trial_promo)  ,               .       agile- (),   agile-          .

    , ,  ,  ,  .  ,       ,          . ߠ,    , .

     .

1,  Agile (#G1),   ,     ,  ,   Agile  , -.     Agile-       .

2,   (#litres_trial_promo),   ,       ,    ,        ,     .

3,  (#litres_trial_promo),  ,  ,       .     ,    ,  ,    .

4,   (#litres_trial_promo),        Agile,   .         .

5,  (#litres_trial_promo),  ,  ,  ,  Agile-,  .          .

6,  (#litres_trial_promo),     .     蠫   Beyond Budgeting   ,   .

 7,  (#litres_trial_promo),       .       .          , ,   .

8,   agile-  (#litres_trial_promo), ,   à    .   ,    ,        .

9,     (#litres_trial_promo), ,      ,   .     .         ,  .

10, Agile-:    (#litres_trial_promo), ,    ,               .    ,   ,   ,  ,      .




I.   


    ,        -,   Agile    VUCA,  Cynefin  ,         .





1.  Agile


 Agile      .    ,      -,    ,   .

    頖       頖            ?  ,           -?

     ,        [2 - https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/human-capital-trends/2017/organization-of-the-future.html (https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/human-capital-trends/2017/organization-of-the-future.html)]. ߠ    , ,   , ,  -    (volatility),  (uncertainty),  (complexity)  (ambiguity)  VUCA.   ,         -,       -,    .

,   Agile- (      ) ,  2001      ,    . ,  ,              ,   ,  ,   -.

  , ,            .    ,  Agile  , ,    .          ,    ,  .


  MICROSOFT

 ,        -,   ,  ,     .      :  . 蠖 ,      .     ,     :      ,      ?   ,     . Ƞ, 蠖  ,      .           ,    [3 - http://bigthink.com/think-tank/jonah-lehrer-on-cities (http://bigthink.com/think-tank/jonah-lehrer-on-cities)].

    堖  Kongo Gumi,    1400,       ,   5200[4 -    578  2007,      1400. ..].

     :     ,  ,   ,  .


   

   [5 - https://www.oddee.com/item_99566.aspx (https://www.oddee.com/item_99566.aspx)]




* 2017-   Stiftskeller.



    [6 - https://www.explorra.com/travel-guides/top-10-oldest-cities-in-the-world_24545 (https://www.explorra.com/travel-guides/top-10-oldest-cities-in-the-world_24545)]




*       .



    :    .    ,   Fortune Global 500,   : 60 1958 18 .    ,  .   Boston Consulting Group 2015 ,       :   , 1965[7 - https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/articles/strategic-planning-growth-die-another-day/ (https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/articles/strategic-planning-growth-die-another-day/)].

  :  2006      ; 2050 ,     75%  .      2050       [8 - http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/ (http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/)].

         ?

  :    ,  , ,   . Ӡ    (  )  (  ),      .     ,    ,   ,   ,   ,    . , ,    ,    ,        ,  .

  :       .  ,    ,  ,    .      .   , ,   ,    2006      .

      .     :       ,  (     ),  ( )  (  ).  :  ,      ࠖ  ,     .

  ? Ѡ     ,    . ,     ,        .    ,       .   ,         ?        ?

            .      ,      ( ),   ,     .  ࠖ     ,   100.


  

   ,    ,   .        ,          .  ,   ,    XX.   ,        ,      蠖 ,      ,     ,    .     ,     ,  Π    .    Agile-,  VUCA  Cynefin        -.



 :    

  ࠖ     .    ,  ࠖ .           .    MA   1908   ,  270   [9 - https://www.mbacentral.org/history-of-the-mba/ (https://www.mbacentral.org/history-of-the-mba/)].

         :  ,  ,   .   ,           ,    .       ,  1911,  ,              [10 -   .   . .:, 1991.].

  ,    , , ,  .      ; ,  ,     ,      . ࠖ   ,   ,    ,   . ,  , ,    ,      . ,    , ,     ,    ,      ,      .     ,  ,  (,   )       .  , 堖      ,          .

     ,    ,     .  1911      .      ,       .     :    ,   ,   .   ,      ,   .    ,     ,  ,     .

,  , ,        ,    .  :         - . ,    ,    .    ?

     .

  ,  ,  ,     .

     .

    ࠖ  ,  - 1911.

 ,   ,  ⠫  ,   .              .        .         ,   ,      . ,      ,      ,    .

  -     ,    - ,   ,   .       ,     . Ѡ XX  50-       :   ,   ,    .



  :   

 5060-    (        )       ,     .  ,       . 1920-    ,       ,   ,         , ,      [11 -  .  , . (http://litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=145037) .: , 2013.].

    ,  ,   ,    . ,   ,     ,        ,   ,              ?   ,  ?    堖    ?

        , ,        .  ,     ⠖   .      ,    - .

    ,    ,       :  ,   ,             . ,    ,  ,   ࠖ      .

 1959      (TheLandmarks ofTomorrow),      .       ,  ,    ,    ,   ,  ,  [12 - Peter Drucker. TheLandmarks ofTomorrow. Heineman, 1959.].

    , 1990  ,        Society forOrganizational Learning,    .    :    [13 -  .  :    . (http://litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=34456687) .: , 2018. ..]  :   ,         .  ,   ,      .     ,     ,   . (,   ?)



   :   Ƞ 

           ,     ,     ,   1980-,   .    ,         Π ,     ,     ;   .     Π ,      (),    .

        ⠖ , , ;  Π   ,  ,  .  Π , .       ,      .

 ,          ,     Π    .  1986  Harvard Business Review     .   ,  ,    ,       ,  ,         .

  :   ,   Π  ,    , ,    .

 ,   ,     ,         .   ,  ,      , :



       .   ,    ,          . ,   ,   [14 - https://hbr.org/1986/01/the-new-new-product-development-game (https://hbr.org/1986/01/the-new-new-product-development-game)],[15 - : http://agilerussia.ru/methodologies/----/ (http://agilerussia.ru/methodologies/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0/). ..].


    ,   ,   IT- Easel Corporation.           ,   ,  ,       .  1995    ,  Π  ,        Scrum.     OOPSLA[16 - http://www.jeffsutherland.org/oopsla/schwapub.pdf (http://www.jeffsutherland.org/oopsla/schwapub.pdf)]. Scrum        ,   ,    ( Scrum   3  (#litres_trial_promo)).

Scrum     ,      . ,   ,     ,   1990-     (Extreme Programming, XP)  .   XP   ;           ,     ,   .   :      .        ,            (..1.1)[17 - Kent Beck. Extreme Programming Explained. Addison-Wesley, 2000.].






.1.1.             



     ,   ++ - ,  .      ,    ,    .        ,   ,  .  ,  -  ,  ,       .   ,  ,    ,   .

 , 1991,  , ,      IBM,       .    Smalltalk ++,  ,      ,    .    ,        Crystal:   ,    .    ,         ,  [18 - http://agileuprising.libsyn.com/manifesto-co-author-interview-alistair-cockburn (http://agileuprising.libsyn.com/manifesto-co-author-interview-alistair-cockburn)].

        ,      .  19701990-   ,     ,      .  1994     CHAOS (, . chaos ),           189%[19 - https://www.standishgroup.com/sample_research_files/chaos_report_1994.pdf (https://www.standishgroup.com/sample_research_files/chaos_report_1994.pdf)].   .   ,    ,    .  ,     ,  ,   .

   . ,   .  1990-   Π   .    ?      ? ,   ,      - .

  - .  XP   ,     ,  XP,       XP Leadership  2000.    ,   -  ,          .        ,      .  ,   ࠫ    ,  .

,          ,  ,   ,          [20 -  , ,  2018-.].

  ,  2001, , , , , ,         ,  ,    .  :      ,   ?  ,    ,      ,    Π .   ,   ,  ,   [21 - http://podcast.agileuprising.com/manifesto-co-author-interview-robert-martin/ (http://podcast.agileuprising.com/manifesto-co-author-interview-robert-martin/)],[22 - http://podcast.agileuprising.com/manifesto-co-author-review-brian-marick/ (http://podcast.agileuprising.com/manifesto-co-author-review-brian-marick/)].

            (Agile-),     [23 - agilemanifesto.org (http://agilemanifesto.org/)].




    [24 -  : http://agilemanifesto.org/iso/ru/manifesto.html (http://agilemanifesto.org/iso/ru/manifesto.html). ..]

         ,      .

     ,:



    ;

    ;

     ;

     .



,   , , -   , .


           .



1.            .

2.      . Agile-   ,     .

3.     ,  -  - .

4.          .

5.     .    ,  ,    .

6. 堖        ,  .

7.    .

8.,         . Agile      .

9.        .

10.ࠖ      .

11.  ,      .

12.            .


  Agile-   ,    : Scrum, Crystal, Extreme Programming, Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) Feature-Driven Programming ( 3 (#litres_trial_promo)     ).   ,   ,    ,    ,     ,  .

 ,  , :



ߠ, gile-       ,  ,   : 蠖   ,     ,  蠖  ,    [25 - http://agilemanifesto.org/history.html (http://agilemanifesto.org/history.html)].


 ,   , :



    ,     , .      ,   ,         .   Agile-  ,    [26 -  ,  ,  2017-.].


     ,        ,     .          [27 - http://agilemanifesto.org/history.html (http://agilemanifesto.org/history.html)].

     ,   ,     ,     .    ,    .            .

          ,       .      ,         , ,     .

     ,       蠖 , ,  .

 2011  ,    - Netscape,  ,    .    Π ,   Wall Street Journal,  ,    , , , ,  ..  , ,   ,   .



60  , 40   20    . ,     ,       ![28 - https://a16z.com/2016/08/20/why-software-is-eating-the-world/ (https://a16z.com/2016/08/20/why-software-is-eating-the-world/)]


VUCA ȠCYNEFIN:      

,             ,       .

 :    -  -   ,             .  11 2001        ,    ,   VUCA:  (volatility),  (uncertainty),  (complexity)  (ambiguity) (..1.2).






.1.2. , , , 



VUCA    .

:   ,   ,  . , ,    .  , 堖 ,   , [29 - John Sullivan. VUCA: TheNewNormal forTalent Management andWorkforce Planning. Ere.net (https://www.ere.net/). https://www.ere.net/vuca-the-new-normal-for-talent-management-and-workforce-planning/ (https://www.ere.net/vuca-the-new-normal-for-talent-management-and-workforce-planning/)].

: ,    ,  .     [30 - Paul Kingsinge andKaren Walch (2012 July9). Living andLeading inaVUCA World. Thunderbird University. http://knowledgenetwork.thunderbird.edu/research/2012/07/09/kinsinger-walch-vuca/ (http://knowledgenetwork.thunderbird.edu/research/2012/07/09/kinsinger-walch-vuca/)].     ,    ,    ,   ,   .

:  , -  ,     .         (   ),  .

:    ;      .       ,    [31 - Eric Kail. Leading Effectively ina VUCA Environment: AIsforAmbiguity. HBR Blog Network. Retrieved from http://blogs.hbr.org/frontline-leadership/2011/01/leading-effectively-in-a-vuca-1.html (http://blogs.hbr.org/frontline-leadership/2011/01/leading-effectively-in-a-vuca-1.html)].



   VUCA,       ,      -  ,    -,    .

,     ,   .  ,    ,              . -        ,   .

  20082009, ,  ,  -  ,       ,  ,   .             ,        ,  ,  ,  .

    ,  ,    ,   ,   .

Ѡ   ,      ,   -   .     ,  ,      , -.

    ,    ,    ,      .    , ,  -      .



 CYNEFIN

 ,   IBM,      Cognitive Edge.       Cynefin ( ,    ),        ,        (..1.3)[32 - David Snowden andMary Boone. ALeaders Framework forDecision Making. Harvard Business Review, November2007. https://hbr.org/2007/11/a-leaders-framework-for-decision-making (https://hbr.org/2007/11/a-leaders-framework-for-decision-making)]. Cynefin    -; ,    ,      ,   , ,         .






.1.3.  Cynefin  -     



        (    ) ,             -.



 

   ,   -   .         ,  .  ,   ,     ( ),       ().

 ,   ,  .   ,   ,  .     .       .



 

        -   .            .     :   ,  . ,    ,      ,     ,  .

   蠖  .         ( ), , ,    .    ,    . ,        ,   ,        ,       ().   ,   ().    (  , )      ,  ,        ,    ,    .



 

        .       ,  .  ,       ,      .        ,  :  ,  ,       .

  ࠖ   (,  ).  :     蠖  ,   ,     ꠖ   ,   [33 - David Snowden andMary Boone. ALeaders Framework forDecision Making. Harvard Business Review, November2007. https://hbr.org/2007/11/a-leaders-framework-for-decision-making (https://hbr.org/2007/11/a-leaders-framework-for-decision-making)].

  ,   , ,   , , , .          .  , ,  ,     .   ,    ,    .

     .     ,     ?       ,     ?

 ,       -  . , ,       ,   ,   ,    .      蠖   .      ,    .

 , ,      ,  , ,  ,  ,       , [34 - David Snowden andMary Boone. ALeaders Framework forDecision Making. Harvard Business Review, November2007. https://hbr.org/2007/11/a-leaders-framework-for-decision-making (https://hbr.org/2007/11/a-leaders-framework-for-decision-making)].



 

ʠ     ,    .       , , :   ,  ,    .        ,   - .

,       ().        ,      ? .   ,    ().   ,   ,  ,    ( ). .



 

   .   .   .  ,      .

,   ,   , ,  , .          .

    :   ,    ,    . , ,  . -    ,         [35 -  ,  ,  2013-,  2018-.].


   

  ,     ,  ,        蠫   .      , ,    ,   ,       . ,    ,    -,      ,       ,   .

VUCA  ,  .    ,      ,       .     ,         -  .

-      ,    ,  ,    ,    .  ,         .

  ,    ,      ,       .

     :           ?  ,              .  ,        ,      (  ),  ,        .

     ,       ,         .    ,    ,       .  .  ࠖ .       .     , 80% 頖   .    .

:        1871.        ,    -         ,   ,     .  2012  -     , , ,  ,      .  , ,    , ,  ,    ,   ,   蠖   ,  - , .

 .       1871  300   10.  -  .

1871 ,  ,      ,  .  ,     ,  .     ,   .       ,      .

   ,       ,   ,     ,   ,   . ʠ    1989    ,    ,     ,   .    30     ,  .        ,       -,  .  ,   ,  ,  ,       ,   .



 :   

    ,  Amazon      .         . ,           ,   .    , ,  ,  ,      .  , ,   Amazon Fire Phone,    Amazon,      ;  - , Fire Phone  ,  ,   .

 ,    .     ,   , , . ,   ,  ,  ,        .  ,   ,    ,       (Safe-to-fail experiments),      .  ,   ,  .

 Π  ,  ,        ,   .

   ,           ( ),     .

           ,     [36 - Alvin Toffler. Future Shock. Random House, 1970.].

 ,   -  ,  : Amazon     ; Google     ; Airbnb   Hilton Hotels & Resorts   ; Uber       .    .   [37 - http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/technology/gearing-up-for-the-cloud-att-tells-its-workers-adapt-or-else.html (http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/technology/gearing-up-for-the-cloud-att-tells-its-workers-adapt-or-else.html)].

  , , ,   ,       VUCA.    ,  ,    ,    ,      .

   ,   ,  ,    .      ,    -,        .   ࠖ   ,  ;     ,  .

     ,    ,    ,  , ,   .           頖  agile- (Working Agile Group,WAG).

               .

          .   ,      .

         ,   .        ,       .

.


  

          ,    Agile- 2001. ߠ, ,  Agile-          Π    ,  ,  ,          . ߠ    ,     ,    -,    ,   . ,    Cynefin     , , agile-   ,     ,   .


 Ƞ

1.    ?  Agile?

    .     ,  ,  .    , ,        .        , , ,       -  .        ,            .     ,       .    VUCA        .  ,      ,     ,   ,    .

2.,    ?    ,       ?

 ,      , ,      . ,          ,   ,      ,     .    ,    ,  : Equinor,           ,    -, ,     ,  ,   .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/chitat-onlayn/?art=70079623)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 .  .  ,  . (http://litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=8205726) .: , 2014. ..




2


https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/human-capital-trends/2017/organization-of-the-future.html (https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/human-capital-trends/2017/organization-of-the-future.html)




3


http://bigthink.com/think-tank/jonah-lehrer-on-cities (http://bigthink.com/think-tank/jonah-lehrer-on-cities)




4


   578  2007,      1400. ..




5


https://www.oddee.com/item_99566.aspx (https://www.oddee.com/item_99566.aspx)




6


https://www.explorra.com/travel-guides/top-10-oldest-cities-in-the-world_24545 (https://www.explorra.com/travel-guides/top-10-oldest-cities-in-the-world_24545)




7


https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/articles/strategic-planning-growth-die-another-day/ (https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/articles/strategic-planning-growth-die-another-day/)




8


http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/ (http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/)




9


https://www.mbacentral.org/history-of-the-mba/ (https://www.mbacentral.org/history-of-the-mba/)




10


  .   . .:, 1991.




11


 .  , . (http://litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=145037) .: , 2013.




12


Peter Drucker. TheLandmarks ofTomorrow. Heineman, 1959.




13


 .  :    . (http://litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=34456687) .: , 2018. ..




14


https://hbr.org/1986/01/the-new-new-product-development-game (https://hbr.org/1986/01/the-new-new-product-development-game)




15


: http://agilerussia.ru/methodologies/----/ (http://agilerussia.ru/methodologies/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0/). ..




16


http://www.jeffsutherland.org/oopsla/schwapub.pdf (http://www.jeffsutherland.org/oopsla/schwapub.pdf)




17


Kent Beck. Extreme Programming Explained. Addison-Wesley, 2000.




18


http://agileuprising.libsyn.com/manifesto-co-author-interview-alistair-cockburn (http://agileuprising.libsyn.com/manifesto-co-author-interview-alistair-cockburn)




19


https://www.standishgroup.com/sample_research_files/chaos_report_1994.pdf (https://www.standishgroup.com/sample_research_files/chaos_report_1994.pdf)




20


 , ,  2018-.




21


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