50 -  .  -
 

 

 . 


    ,     ,       .    ,   .

        50  -,     .   ,   -      ,   ,        .  ,               ,         .

  PDF A4   .





 ,  ,  

50 -  .  -



  ,  ,  , 2024

 Π , 2024







 Graduate School of Business Stanford University,   ,     -:       .                 .

     -  50               ,       .           .

      !     , ,   , ,  .       ,     .

     ,    -.       .



 
David S. Lobel Professor of Private Equity and Professor of Finance Graduate School of Business Stanford University




 

    1020 ?


  -20          ,  ,        Microsoft. Saudi Aramco, Cisco, IBM, ExxonMobil, PetroChina, General Electric:     ?

        .          .

      -     .

          -,       .    - (  )    $1     ,        10.

   .  Ford  Toyota    .  Sony  iPhone  iTunes.          . Google  YouTube,   ,     ,  TikTok,      . Microsoft  Skype,    Zoom. Apple         (      ).

   .          .    ,        .     .      ,       .   ,         .       .

    ,         .      .     .    50- ,    .

    ,          .      ,       .        ,     ,        30 ,     ,    .

,        .     ,    .  TRX,  FORM,  Infinit Nutrition     Strava     ,                ,   .  , ,   ,   ,   Microsoft  -20 .




 ⠹1






   1400      $1.    -.

     ,      ,     .


 ,  

   ,         .   ,   .      ,        .


     

      .     :     .       . ,      .       .


    

  Duolingo, Robinhood, Sondors.    ,              .


    

       ,   ,  ,    .  Strava, Lemonade,   Duolingo        .

     ,       ,  ,  .   ,    .


         

           .  ,       (,   ),     .   Vivino Storytell     .               .


    

     .      ,      .  Warby Parker      .


Freemium      

Freemium             ,  Spotify, Duolingo, Strava, Miro, Medium, TrainingPeaks,        .      .




          .  -       ,        . Vivino, Substuck, GetTransfer   ,      .       .   ,    ,        ,  . ,   ,    .


        -

       (Sonders  , Bonobo     Warby Parker  ),     -    ,         .




DUOLINGO:   











  2011          (    )     . ,     .       ,        .      .

    ,    ,       .      .

     -,  ,    .     Union Square Ventures      A-Grade Investments.     Google, Kleiner Caufield & Byer      .

 2012      iOS,      Android,      1 Google Play ( 1     ).

 2022- Duolingo           .

  IPO 2021      2023- (     ,   IPO   ).


    ?

    , Duolingo         .    ,   ,  .

    ,     100% ,    (  ,        ).     Duolingo        ,   MIT.      TOEFL/IELTS    .

Duolingo       , ,     .     ,  Rosetta Stone, Busuu, Lingvist.    ,   .



  Duolingo?

     ,        .


Duolingo  2011 .

  ( DUOL) 2021 .

 2022   $370.

   $6,7.

 2023     500  .




SPOTIFY:      











  2006   -   .            .

 2011       (   20% ),            Discover,       ,        .

 2013-    :       , Spotify       (      ). -         .

    :  ,   , Spotify Running  ,Discover Weekly   , Release Radar,         .   2016 Spotify  $5  ,     .

      ,        .

 2018    New York Stock Exchange   direct listing   $165  .  2023    $146.  ,       IPO      ,       . (  IPO    $4,5 .)         .

  Spotify      ,         Audible, Storytel (  )   ,   .            Findawayvoices 2022 .


   ߠ?

                   ,     .  ,      ,                 .

     .

    .      -   ,       :

 30-  (   )  15 ;

   ,     ,   ;

          .

      ,            .

            ,    ,  :        .

    ,        .       .    $1,      250  Amazon Music  330  Spotify!       Spotify,     .       .    100   .

   Spotify       (, )   (    ) ,         .

 Spotify     Apple Music, Amazon Music, Google, Yandex Music    .     ,   ,   .   Google Apple  ,     ,    .



  Spotify?

      ,   ,       (    )   .


Spotify  2006 .

 IPO 2018 ,      .

  $13.

  $31.

  2023    220.




MEDIUM:     











   2012     CEO Twitter        .     TheObvious Corporation,      .  2014            iOS.

   Medium   .    :          ,          .       ,          .    Medium    .

  ,                  .    Medium    .

Medium      .   -            2014   Webby Awards.

 Medium 2023   1   (The New York Times, ,  3  ,    ,  ).


   ߠ?

 Medium     .

  :  ,   ,         .          .  ,       ,    .      $10 000  , ,  .

  :   .         .     :    ,       ,     .  :    ,     .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/aleksandr-gornyy/50-biznes-modeley-novoy-ekonomiki-uroki-kompaniy-edinorog-70104247/chitat-onlayn/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .


