 : ,  
 


    ,       .   ,   ,        .  ,   70    ,    .      ?

 ,   ,    .           !      .   ,   ,   ,  .

ࠖ       .          ,      ,      .

       1950-.   堖     .   ,  ,  ,   ,             ,    .

    ,    ,    ,        . 젖      ,    ,     23.   g  蠖     .



 

   ;

    ;

     .

     - ,    ,   ,  .      ,  ,   , ,    .





 ,   ;

   ;

 ,    .

       ,    ,         .         ,  .





 ,  ,   .





 

 : ,  



:  ,  ,  

:  ,  

 :  

-:  

 :  

:  

:  



  .         () .  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,       .  ,   ,    ,  ,        ,     ,  ,     .

,     ,  ,  ,      () ,      ,   .



2021 bythe Board ofTrustees ofthe Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved.

  , , .   λ, 2024


* * *





















   , ,    ,    :     .  .    . ,      ,               .

Ӡ            .  ,     ,            .      -   .    ,                 ,     .

,   ,     .  ,      ,    .      , ,     .  ,    ,          .    .

 ,    젖  蠖      ,   ,    ,        .   ,       ,         ,   -      .



  






 



   .        ,   ໠ ,   ,   -   .   ,     , ,  .    䠖     .      , ,    .     ,   .

   ,       1959.  ,     ,     .      ,  ,         ࠖ   .          .           .

    蠖     ,   , .         ,     ,   ,  ,  .        ,       .        . ࠖ       .          ,      ,      .

,  1959., -   .         .    40,     .      ,   ,    ,   ,      [1 - Career High Points, Gulf Business 2, no. 1 (May1997).].        .    ,       .        .  1941.     ,   .        .     ,     ,   .      ,          .  ,     .          1946.[2 - Oliver Lindsay, TheBattle forHong Kong 19411945: Hostage toFortune (Stroud, UK: Spellmount, 2007), 157236.]      .  ,        1949.  .       ,   .  1949.         [3 -   ,  . ..].    ,  [4 - Oliver Lindsay, TheBattle forHong Kong 19411945: Hostage toFortune (Stroud, UK: Spellmount, 2007), 157236.].       , ,  ,   .     蠖 ,   ,    .  1951.          -   .  1953.         , ,       .           .  ,      ⠖ ,      . Π  ,    ? ,  .

    38-    ,   .      ,    .        .         ,     [5 -        -, , , , --, -- .     1.].          24 .            ,     ,      .          ,        ,       [6 - Donald Hawley, TheEmirates: Witness toa Metamorphosis (Norwich, UK: Michael Russell, 2007),171.].  ,       ,      ,  .    ,    ,    .

 ,     .     ,      .   ,      ,      . Ƞ   :  ,    ,    ,  - 5500.        ࠖ      .     ,        .

        . ,      ,    ,     ,     100     .  蠖 1820- .!          .     ,  ,     ,  ,     ,       [7 - Donald Hawley, TheEmirates: Witness toa Metamorphosis (Norwich, UK: Michael Russell, 2007),29.].          ,      . ,      (,   ,  ),       ,    .    ,    XIX.    ,  ,    .

,    ,  ,  ,      ,  ,         -,  1954.   ,     ,     ,      [8 - James Onley, TheArabian Frontier ofthe British Raj: Merchants, Rulers, andthe British inthe Nineteenth-Century Gulf (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2007), 45.             ,    .].  -   ,              .        ࠖ          [9 -         .      ,      .     ,    .]?         .          ,   .    ,      ,         ,       .






. . 1

 -   ( ).  1959.

   . 






 


  ࠖ ,      .     ,   ,  XIX.            . ʠ ,         .     ,      .    ,  ,  ,       .






. . 2

 .  1959.

   . 



 1950- .   ,        ,      .          .       ,       .  ,  , .

  ,  ,    ,      ,    ,         .       .  ,          ,     ,       [10 - Minutes ofdiscussions regarding Halcrow's survey ofDubai andSharjah Creeks (28 Jan. 1955), National Archives, United Kingdom (NA), FO 371:114696.        Halcrow. 28 1955.].    ,       ,        .    ,       ,   ,     .




  


    1959.      ࠖ     -,   1958.   1990. ,   -      ,   ,    . Π -  ,     ,              .       ,      .          ,        .

             .      ,         .     ,              .  ,     ꠫ , ,    ,       - [11 - ., : Paul deGive andThomas A. Roberts, Rashid Merchant Prince ofthe Persian Gulf, Christian Science Monitor (9 Aug. 1973); andHawley, TheEmirates,145.].

             [12 - ., : Graeme H. Wilson, Rashid's Legacy: TheGenesis ofthe Maktoum Family andthe History ofDubai (London: Media Prima, 2006),25.].  ,          ,     100. ,         -  ,   ,    ,   .     ,     -  . -       .

1960- 1970-    ,  ,         . ,       , .      ,     ,  ,    .    ,   ,   .         ,    ,    ,  ,         [13 -   Dubai: TheCity asCorporation (Minneapolis: University ofMinnesota Press, 2011),    ,         .].     堖  (,   !)  (    ?).

     , ,         ,     .  ,  .     ,    ,    ,        . 젖      ,    ,     23.     蠖     .




 . Ƞ


            .    ,  ,       ,  .   1960.     ,         ,           .        [14 - Donald Hawley, Desert Wind andTropic Storm: AnAutobiography (Wilby, UK: Michael Russell, 2000),55.].        ,      .  ,    ,    ,         .        .

    ,     ,    ,   .      .       ,             .       ,  .                 ,       [15 - John Darwin, TheEmpire Project: TheRise andFall ofthe British World-System, 18301970 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009),580.].

       ,   ,        .   1950- .      ,       .       XX.:    ,      100  ,   .             . ,         ,      ,     .

 1960- 1970- .       ,      .           蠖  ,      ,    [16 - Hawley, TheEmirates,19.].  1970- .      , ,  ,  ,  .  ,         .

       ,     . ʠ      ,      .  ,       . ,       ,    : ,   ,    [17 - Adrian Hanna, Royal Antediluvian Order ofBuffaloes Aero Trucial Lodge 9147. http://www.sixgolds.com/sharjah.htm.].    ,  ,   ,     [18 - Kanna, Dubai: TheCity asCorporation,174.].






. . 3

     

   . 



  , ,  蠖   ,    .       ,    .     ,       .          .        ࠖ  ,     ,     .






. . 4

       - ( )       .  1978.

   . 



      ,   ,     . , ,      .  ,    ,      . Π,       ,         , .    ,   ,    .        ,     ,   .     ,       .






. . 5

 ,            

   . 



   ,       .      ,   .    ⠖ , , ,   ,   .    ,  ,  ,     .      ,    .      ,      堖 ,  ,  ,    .    , ,   ,  ,   ,      [19 -       .  (12 2008.).    . .].            -  .  1980- 1990- .    ,   ?      ,    ,  1950-.          堖 ,     .     .

   ,       .        蠖      (, ,    )        ,   .  1970- .    ,    .    , ,     ,  .

     ,       ,      ,    ,    .   1950- .    ,   . Ѡ        堖   ,   ,    ,     ,   .




 


     .  , ,   ,   .   ,     ,   ,      . ,    ,   ,     .      ,   ,   蠖 , ,    ,   ,          ,    .     , ,     . , ,    ,      . , ,     ,      ,         ࠖ  .






. . 6

 .  1959.

   . 



,          ,   ,     .       ,             .    ,        .

     .        TheTimes, Financial Times, TheEconomist   . Ѡ1960- .      .     ,  ,     ,     .     ,  ,   頖      .    ,  , ,  ,     . ,  ,     ,    ,         [20 -       23   - .    -, 頖  . Ӡ     ,    .].

   ,        [21 - Hawley, TheEmirates,223.],      .       ,        .       ,   . ,   ,         .         ,    .   , ,     .     ,         ࠖ  ,    [22 - Nelida Fuccaro, Review ofRuling Shaikhs andHerMajesty's Government: 19601969 byMiriam Joyce, International Journal ofMiddle East Studies 39, no. 3 (August2007): 480482.].    , ,  , , ,        .

    .        , ,             ,  . Ѡ ,            ,  ,    . Ѡ ,      ,       .     ,        ,            ,      .   ,   ,   -,          .

         ,  ,       .                  .      ,    . ,   TheTimes Financial Times 1960- 1970- .    .     ,     .          .      堖 ,  Akhbar Dubai,   ,   ,       .

    ,       .      ,    2008. ʠ    ,     . ʠ,        ,     , ,  .      ,      .






. . 7

  ()     ,       ( ,   )

   . 



     ,     ,      ,       ,     .       XIX.          -,    .   ,       ,          ,   [23 - Onley, Arabian Frontier ofthe British Raj, 154.].    蠖  ,    ,  ⠖    .        .       ,     ,      .

      -,     . ʠ           ⠖ , , ,   ,    .    ,   ,   .     ,      .




Π  


   ,         .

 ,  ࠖ   ,     ,     .

      ,    ,    [24 -   26 2008., World Architecture Congress atCityscape Dubai 2008.].    ,  ,  ,   ,    ,    .  ,     ,   :  .  ,        ,  .    , ,      ,   !

     (      ),       ,      ,  .  ,    ,   ,      .   ⠫      ,   ,  , ,     .    ,   ,   ,        .        .

     1955.,     ,  ,          .      , ,   ,   .      ,              .     .               ,     .             .   ࠖ ,  , ,      堖 ,     ,  ,   . Ӡ      ࠖ   ,    ,     .         .

-. . .      ,  ,      . ,    ,  ,      ,  -  [25 - ., : Johann Hari, TheDark Side ofDubai, TheIndependent (7 April2009).]. ,       .  ,           .    . ,      , ,    ,        ,   .    ,     .

     ,      .   1960.,       ,     ,       .  ,   ,          .




1





  ,     .

   ,    .           :    . - -         10  ?  21 1903.

    .        80 ,    , -        .       , ,         [26 - Lorimer J. G., Birdwood R. L. Gazetteer ofthe Persian Gulf, Oman, andCentral Arabia. Shannon: Irish University Press, 1970, republished. Vol.I, pt. 2. P.2638.  ,    ,       (theGulf).].           ,         ,         [27 - Abdullah M. M. TheUnited Arab Emirates: AModern History. Abu Dhabi: Makarem, 2007. P.27.].    ,     ,          . , ,  - .

      . ,    ,          .   ,  1819.    .   , , ,      -[28 - Lorimer J. G., Birdwood R. L. Gazetteer. Vol.I, pt. 2. P.2638.  ,   -   1833. -,      .    1820.      .].      .                     廠  ,   [29 - Lorimer J. G., Birdwood R. L. Gazetteer ofthe Persian Gulf, Oman, andCentral Arabia. Shannon: Irish University Press, 1970, republished. Vol.I, pt. 1. P.198; Kelly J. B. Britain andthe Persian Gulf: 17951880. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. P.139160,211.].

               .      :      ,     .      ,      [30 - ,      ,      ,   .     :      ,           ,   ,  .         .      ,      ,       1930- . .:Abdullah M. M. United Arab Emirates. P.103104.].    ,   -:    ,    ,   1819. Ѡ      ,   ,    . ,     .

    : , -, , --, ,  --[31 - Kazim A. TheUnited Arab Emirates A. D. 600 tothe Present: ASocio-Discursive Transformation inthe Arabian Gulf. Dubai: Gulf Book Centre, 2000. P.152.]. ,    ,  ,  ,         [32 - Hawley D. TheTrucial States. London: Allen & Unwin, 1970. P.164.].   ,      ,         .    ,     .           ,    ,  .

   1853.,       ,      .      ,     , .             .      :  .

       ,         . ,     , -       .        ,    蠫  ,      [33 - Lorimer J. G., Birdwood R. L. Gazetteer. Vol.I, pt. 2. P.2637.     :  ,       1903.,        ,   ,    ,         .].  ,        ,      .   :     .

             ,   :  ,   ,    [34 - Lorimer J. G., Birdwood R. L. Gazetteer. Vol.I, pt. 2. P.2632, 2638; Hayhurst J. Curzon's Durbars andthe Alqabnamah: ThePersian Gulf asPart ofthe Indian Empire // British Library Asian andAfrican Studies Blog (30 Dec. 2014). https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2014/12/curzons-durbars-and-the-alqabnamah-the-persian-gulf-as-part-of-the-indian-empire.html (https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2014/12/curzons-durbars-and-the-alqabnamah-the-persian-gulf-as-part-of-the-indian-empire.html).]. -  -.   ,  ,   ,    .  ,      .  ,  -     , .    軠  ,  蠖  ,      ,  ,  [35 - ʠ1949.      ,   ,     .  -,    , ,       (Bagpipes inBabylon: ALifetime inthe Arab World andBeyond. London: I. B. Tauris, 2006. P.190).].







 1953.,  50  ,     ,     -.          ,      ,      -  1819.

  -         .        ⠖ ,  . -   ,         .  1935.            Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast), PDTC[36 - Abdullah M. M. United Arab Emirates. P.66. PDTC   Petroleum Concessions Limited.].  1950- .   ,      .  ,  ,     ,    [37 - Marshall toHird. 16 May1957 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:127013; Abdullah M. M. United Arab Emirates. P.67; Heard-Bey F. From Trucial States toUnited Arab Emirates: ASociety inTransition. London: Motivate, 2005. P.258.].  ,     100    ,  1932. ,  -       , 1950.       .  ,      ,        [38 - Pelly toSecretary ofState. 26 June1950 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:82047.].






.1.1

  , -.  1955.

  



       ,  -      蠫 [39 - ANote onthe Wealth ofDubai. 24 June1950 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:82047.     1947.          .]. Ӡ     ,  .       . -     ,  ,    蠖          .  , ,   ,         ,                [40 - ANote onthe Wealth ofDubai. 24 June1950 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:82047.]. Ѡ -     :         .     ,  , ,         .

          -    .      ,   .        ,     ,   .  ,     ,   堫     .   1954.    ⠫  ,  砫,  ,   ,   ,      . -    [41 - Walker J. Tyro onthe Trucial Coast. Durham, UK: Memoir Club, 1999. P.58.      .     .    ,   ,     : ,   ,     ,       -            ,          (Jackson toWalters. 4Nov. 1947 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. WORK 10:124).] ,     , -       .




 


,  -        .           . ,    ,    -,    ,    ,    [42 - Sir William Halcrow & Partners toPirie-Gordon.12 Jan. 1955 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:114696.     1971.  Sir William Halcrow & Partners   Halcrows,  ,       CH2M,  Jacobs Engineering Group,    Halcrow.     .].

  -     . -          .          .    .   ,  ,               .   , ,     ,        . -      ,     .          ,    [43 - Heard-Bey F. From Trucial States. P.249.].






.1.2

  -頖   ,    ,      ,  -   .         ,   .

   . 



        : - -[44 -       ꠫. ʠ ,  -     ,       .    -   ,    -. -      ,      .].     -,   ,    -  .       300젖 ,         .  - ,      .  1954.        . -   ,       .     , ,     .          , -    .      :  , ,   .    ,    .       .    .






.1.3

 , ,  -. 1959.

   . 



 1950- . ,    -,   .  ,   -    .         ꠫ ,    .     - , , ,  [45 - Law H. D. G. Romance ofthe Persian Gulf // Edinburgh Review. 1927. Vol.246, no. 502. P.210.].    , ,   ,  ,    ,    .  ,  ,    ,   .     1954.  ,     ,    :






.1.4

   -, 1960.

   . 





     ࠖ  ,     ,       .   ,  ,      , ,      .        ,             ,   .    ,    ,      -,     .           . , , ,     ,      [46 - Hay R. Persian Gulf States andBoundary Problems // Geographical Journal. 1954. Vol.120, no. 4. P.439.      .].


 ,   -,  ,    ,    ,  :



      - ,  ""  ,    : ""[47 - Hawley D. TheEmirates: Witness toa Metamorphosis. Norwich, UK: Michael Russell, 2007. P.199.].


      ,   蠫  [48 - ANote onthe Wealth ofDubai. 24 June1950 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:82047.   , 24 1950.].    ,      -  .   ,  .      ,     ,         .




 


 1954.     .          ,   ,  1930- .    .       .      ,          .             ,      .     ,  .            .    . - ,          ,   .         .

          .    .   .         ,  .   :  ,   ,  ,  .    ,    .

  ,   ,   ,  .      ,     .   ,       ,   .     .

ʠ1950- .     ,    蠖       . Ӡ    ,      .     ,       .        ,       . ,         ,         - .    ,      .      ,        .

     ,  - ,      .       ,    ,  ,   - . ʠ1950- .        .    ,  ,  ,    .    ,   .    ,          [49 - ANote onthe Wealth ofDubai. 24 June1950 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:82047.]. ʠ1954.  , ,     .    ,     .      ,   .

 1950- .        [50 - Burrows toRiches. 27 Sept. 1957 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 1016:591.].            .       ꠫   ,  [51 - Hay R. Person Gulf States. P.437.].  , 1961.,    --, ,     1819.,        [52 - Tripp toLamb. 23 Aug. 1961 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 957:231.].

      .  ,  ,      ,   ,   ,  .    ,    ,  1950- .   20000 30000[53 - Dubai Harbour. 7Jan. 1956 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:120633.].    ,         .    ,       ,  .

 -  1950- .   ,    .      - ,     .  ,   ,    .      ,  , 頖  .   ,   ,   ,     ,   ,   [54 - Onley J. Britain's Informal Empire // Journal ofSocial Affairs. 2005. Vol.22, no. 87. P.37.].  ,     ,    ,      .        ,         ,    .        [55 - Heard-Bey F. From Trucial States. P.250251.].

    entrep?t    ,   ,  [56 - entrep?t, n. // OED Online (Sept. 2019). Oxford University Press.].  ,    ,  ,  ,  .         ,    .    ,    :             .

  :     ,    .   ,      ,   .          .   ,      ,         :     ,    ,   .           蠖    ,     -  ,       ,      .             .       ,  ,  -,       .





















.1.5 A

, ,       . 1944.

   






.1.6

 . 1959.     ,      - .

   . 



        .  1949.          . ,  ,   ,   -,   ,      ,       .   Holloway andBrothers      ,        ,   [57 - Lindsay toPelly. 8Oct. 1949 // British Library, Indian Office Records, R/15/2/385.   Holloway     ,       (Meyer C. Visit toDubai, August1957 // John R. Harris Library).].      ,       .  ,  .     .     Holloway andBrothers   ,      ,  .

             ,    .  Holloway andBrothers    ,  . , ,  ,       ,    , ,      -.       ,  ,         ,   ,      .

-    Holloway andBrothers       ,   .  ,             .           ,     ,         .             ,     .  , ,        ,     ,      .     .




 


 ⠫  -     ,     [58 - Tripp toRichards. 17 Aug. 1955 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 1016:401.].          . ,    -        ,      . ,       ,         ,     ,     .

      ,   .   蠖 ,            [59 - Tripp toRichards. 17 Aug. 1955 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 1016:401.].              .       ,     ,        ,    .      .      -,   ,        .         ,    .      ,         ,    [60 -   ,       .    Glossary ofAwaiting Encounters (.:Hints toBusiness Men Visiting thePersian Gulf / Board ofTrade. London, 1960).].          .

        ,    .     ,   ,     ꠫ ,       [61 - Hawley D. TheEmirates. P.53.].          .    ,    , , ,     [62 - Annual Review for1970. 10 Dec. 1970 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FCO 8:1510.]. , ,          ,        .    ,   ,    ,   ,   .      ,   .    ,      , ,  [63 - Confidential report "Trucial States". 24 April1957 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:126900.    , ?4 1957.].

   ,     ,   ,    .    ,           [64 - Heard-Bey F. From Trucial States. P.310.].     .         ,     ,         ,  ,   , ,          [65 - Darwin J. TheEmpire Project: TheRise andFall ofthe British World-System, 18301970. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009. P.580.].

, ,      ,     , , ,     [66 - Morris J. InQuest ofthe Imperial Styl // Architecture ofthe British Empire / ed. R. Fermor-Kesketh. NewYork: Vendome Press, 1986. P.17.].    , , ,      .     ,             , ,    .

   ࠫ  ,      ,          , , ,  [67 - Ramos S. Dubai Amplified: TheEngineering ofa Port Geography, Design, andthe Built Environment Series. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010. P.10.].     ,           .             .    ,  -,     ,    1956.               .    ,            [68 -     (, 7 2010.).].

         ,     .        ,  ,     ,    .       .     Al Meezan 1 1956.    ,    ,     : ,    .  ,   ,   .  , ,  ,         ,   ,     .   ,          :      ,   ,     ,    [69 -  AlMeezan,  . 28 1956. (National Archives (NA). United Kingdom (NA), FO 1016:507).].           .        ,       .






.1.7

      -. 1959.        ,       .

   . 



 ,    ,   ,    AlMeezan:    ,     ,    [70 - Burrows toRiches. 17 Oct. 1956 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:120611.].  ,   Al Meezan,    .     ,      ,   ,      ,    .         [71 - Burdett A. Records ofthe Emirates: 19611965. Slough, UK: Archive Editions, 1997. Vol.I. P.212.].     ,          [72 - Walmsley toWigmore. 12 Jan. 1960 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:140144.  . ..].  ,        [73 - Burrows toRiches. 17 Oct. 1956 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:120611.].       ,        ,   [] [74 - Walmsley toWigmore. 12 Jan. 1960 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:140144.].    (, ,   ),     ,       [75 - TheNext Five Year's Plan. 8Sept. 1959 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:140143.    . 8 1959.].    ,           [76 - Tripp toWalmsley. 17 Aug. 1961 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 957:231.].







  :        -   .    ,   .      ,       [77 - Onley J. TheArabian Frontier ofthe British Raj: Merchants, Rulers, andthe British inthe Nineteenth-Century Gulf. NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2007. P.12, 48,54.].  ,    ,      ,         ,   .   ,       .     , ,   .  ,        .

     .       .     -   [78 - Al-Sayegh F. Merchants' Role inChanging Society // Middle Eastern Studies. 1998. Jan. Vol.34, no. 1. P.9091.].  ,       , ,        -,     .  ,  ,    ,    -    .     , ,  ,      .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/chitat-onlayn/?art=70310443)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Career High Points, Gulf Business 2, no. 1 (May1997).




2


Oliver Lindsay, TheBattle forHong Kong 19411945: Hostage toFortune (Stroud, UK: Spellmount, 2007), 157236.




3


  ,  . ..




4


Oliver Lindsay, TheBattle forHong Kong 19411945: Hostage toFortune (Stroud, UK: Spellmount, 2007), 157236.




5


       -, , , , --, -- .     1.




6


Donald Hawley, TheEmirates: Witness toa Metamorphosis (Norwich, UK: Michael Russell, 2007),171.




7


Donald Hawley, TheEmirates: Witness toa Metamorphosis (Norwich, UK: Michael Russell, 2007),29.




8


James Onley, TheArabian Frontier ofthe British Raj: Merchants, Rulers, andthe British inthe Nineteenth-Century Gulf (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2007), 45.             ,    .




9


        .      ,      .     ,    .




10


Minutes ofdiscussions regarding Halcrow's survey ofDubai andSharjah Creeks (28 Jan. 1955), National Archives, United Kingdom (NA), FO 371:114696.        Halcrow. 28 1955.




11


., : Paul deGive andThomas A. Roberts, Rashid Merchant Prince ofthe Persian Gulf, Christian Science Monitor (9 Aug. 1973); andHawley, TheEmirates,145.




12


., : Graeme H. Wilson, Rashid's Legacy: TheGenesis ofthe Maktoum Family andthe History ofDubai (London: Media Prima, 2006),25.




13


  Dubai: TheCity asCorporation (Minneapolis: University ofMinnesota Press, 2011),    ,         .




14


Donald Hawley, Desert Wind andTropic Storm: AnAutobiography (Wilby, UK: Michael Russell, 2000),55.




15


John Darwin, TheEmpire Project: TheRise andFall ofthe British World-System, 18301970 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009),580.




16


Hawley, TheEmirates,19.




17


Adrian Hanna, Royal Antediluvian Order ofBuffaloes Aero Trucial Lodge 9147. http://www.sixgolds.com/sharjah.htm.




18


Kanna, Dubai: TheCity asCorporation,174.




19


      .  (12 2008.).    . .




20


      23   - .    -, 頖  . Ӡ     ,    .




21


Hawley, TheEmirates,223.




22


Nelida Fuccaro, Review ofRuling Shaikhs andHerMajesty's Government: 19601969 byMiriam Joyce, International Journal ofMiddle East Studies 39, no. 3 (August2007): 480482.




23


Onley, Arabian Frontier ofthe British Raj, 154.




24


  26 2008., World Architecture Congress atCityscape Dubai 2008.




25


., : Johann Hari, TheDark Side ofDubai, TheIndependent (7 April2009).




26


Lorimer J. G., Birdwood R. L. Gazetteer ofthe Persian Gulf, Oman, andCentral Arabia. Shannon: Irish University Press, 1970, republished. Vol.I, pt. 2. P.2638.  ,    ,       (theGulf).




27


Abdullah M. M. TheUnited Arab Emirates: AModern History. Abu Dhabi: Makarem, 2007. P.27.




28


Lorimer J. G., Birdwood R. L. Gazetteer. Vol.I, pt. 2. P.2638.  ,   -   1833. -,      .    1820.      .




29


Lorimer J. G., Birdwood R. L. Gazetteer ofthe Persian Gulf, Oman, andCentral Arabia. Shannon: Irish University Press, 1970, republished. Vol.I, pt. 1. P.198; Kelly J. B. Britain andthe Persian Gulf: 17951880. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. P.139160,211.




30


,      ,      ,   .     :      ,           ,   ,  .         .      ,      ,       1930- . .:Abdullah M. M. United Arab Emirates. P.103104.




31


Kazim A. TheUnited Arab Emirates A. D. 600 tothe Present: ASocio-Discursive Transformation inthe Arabian Gulf. Dubai: Gulf Book Centre, 2000. P.152.




32


Hawley D. TheTrucial States. London: Allen & Unwin, 1970. P.164.




33


Lorimer J. G., Birdwood R. L. Gazetteer. Vol.I, pt. 2. P.2637.     :  ,       1903.,        ,   ,    ,         .




34


Lorimer J. G., Birdwood R. L. Gazetteer. Vol.I, pt. 2. P.2632, 2638; Hayhurst J. Curzon's Durbars andthe Alqabnamah: ThePersian Gulf asPart ofthe Indian Empire // British Library Asian andAfrican Studies Blog (30 Dec. 2014). https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2014/12/curzons-durbars-and-the-alqabnamah-the-persian-gulf-as-part-of-the-indian-empire.html (https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2014/12/curzons-durbars-and-the-alqabnamah-the-persian-gulf-as-part-of-the-indian-empire.html).




35


ʠ1949.      ,   ,     .  -,    , ,       (Bagpipes inBabylon: ALifetime inthe Arab World andBeyond. London: I. B. Tauris, 2006. P.190).




36


Abdullah M. M. United Arab Emirates. P.66. PDTC   Petroleum Concessions Limited.




37


Marshall toHird. 16 May1957 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:127013; Abdullah M. M. United Arab Emirates. P.67; Heard-Bey F. From Trucial States toUnited Arab Emirates: ASociety inTransition. London: Motivate, 2005. P.258.




38


Pelly toSecretary ofState. 26 June1950 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:82047.




39


ANote onthe Wealth ofDubai. 24 June1950 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:82047.     1947.          .




40


ANote onthe Wealth ofDubai. 24 June1950 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:82047.




41


Walker J. Tyro onthe Trucial Coast. Durham, UK: Memoir Club, 1999. P.58.      .     .    ,   ,     : ,   ,     ,       -            ,          (Jackson toWalters. 4Nov. 1947 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. WORK 10:124).




42


Sir William Halcrow & Partners toPirie-Gordon.12 Jan. 1955 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:114696.     1971.  Sir William Halcrow & Partners   Halcrows,  ,       CH2M,  Jacobs Engineering Group,    Halcrow.     .




43


Heard-Bey F. From Trucial States. P.249.




44


      ꠫. ʠ ,  -     ,       .    -   ,    -. -      ,      .




45


Law H. D. G. Romance ofthe Persian Gulf // Edinburgh Review. 1927. Vol.246, no. 502. P.210.




46


Hay R. Persian Gulf States andBoundary Problems // Geographical Journal. 1954. Vol.120, no. 4. P.439.      .




47


Hawley D. TheEmirates: Witness toa Metamorphosis. Norwich, UK: Michael Russell, 2007. P.199.




48


ANote onthe Wealth ofDubai. 24 June1950 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:82047.   , 24 1950.




49


ANote onthe Wealth ofDubai. 24 June1950 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:82047.




50


Burrows toRiches. 27 Sept. 1957 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 1016:591.




51


Hay R. Person Gulf States. P.437.




52


Tripp toLamb. 23 Aug. 1961 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 957:231.




53


Dubai Harbour. 7Jan. 1956 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:120633.




54


Onley J. Britain's Informal Empire // Journal ofSocial Affairs. 2005. Vol.22, no. 87. P.37.




55


Heard-Bey F. From Trucial States. P.250251.




56


entrep?t, n. // OED Online (Sept. 2019). Oxford University Press.




57


Lindsay toPelly. 8Oct. 1949 // British Library, Indian Office Records, R/15/2/385.   Holloway     ,       (Meyer C. Visit toDubai, August1957 // John R. Harris Library).




58


Tripp toRichards. 17 Aug. 1955 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 1016:401.




59


Tripp toRichards. 17 Aug. 1955 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 1016:401.




60


  ,       .    Glossary ofAwaiting Encounters (.:Hints toBusiness Men Visiting thePersian Gulf / Board ofTrade. London, 1960).




61


Hawley D. TheEmirates. P.53.




62


Annual Review for1970. 10 Dec. 1970 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FCO 8:1510.




63


Confidential report "Trucial States". 24 April1957 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:126900.    , ?4 1957.




64


Heard-Bey F. From Trucial States. P.310.




65


Darwin J. TheEmpire Project: TheRise andFall ofthe British World-System, 18301970. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009. P.580.




66


Morris J. InQuest ofthe Imperial Styl // Architecture ofthe British Empire / ed. R. Fermor-Kesketh. NewYork: Vendome Press, 1986. P.17.




67


Ramos S. Dubai Amplified: TheEngineering ofa Port Geography, Design, andthe Built Environment Series. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010. P.10.




68


    (, 7 2010.).




69


 AlMeezan,  . 28 1956. (National Archives (NA). United Kingdom (NA), FO 1016:507).




70


Burrows toRiches. 17 Oct. 1956 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:120611.




71


Burdett A. Records ofthe Emirates: 19611965. Slough, UK: Archive Editions, 1997. Vol.I. P.212.




72


Walmsley toWigmore. 12 Jan. 1960 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:140144.  . ..




73


Burrows toRiches. 17 Oct. 1956 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:120611.




74


Walmsley toWigmore. 12 Jan. 1960 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:140144.




75


TheNext Five Year's Plan. 8Sept. 1959 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 371:140143.    . 8 1959.




76


Tripp toWalmsley. 17 Aug. 1961 // National Archives (NA). United Kingdom. FO 957:231.




77


Onley J. TheArabian Frontier ofthe British Raj: Merchants, Rulers, andthe British inthe Nineteenth-Century Gulf. NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2007. P.12, 48,54.




78


Al-Sayegh F. Merchants' Role inChanging Society // Middle Eastern Studies. 1998. Jan. Vol.34, no. 1. P.9091.


