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  .      .                        ,         ,           .             5.  (. 49 ),            6  (. 146  ).


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[1 -   5-     (, 1961),      -  .]

          .         .     ,       ,     ,      , -,    .     , ,      ,           ,   ,    .

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       .           ,       , -     . ,    ,    ,      蠖        ,   ,     .       ,     堖      ,  :  .  ,  ,     ,          ,    :           .       ,     .

  ,        ,   堖  .    ,     ,  ,    .       :    ,      ,            , ,   ,      .     ,   ,   ,  ,    [3 -    , 堖      .].    ,         ,           .  ,   ,   :       - [4 - .: .   (Gesundheitsf?rsorge Gesundheitspolitik 7, 197, 1958):           ,      ,   ,       ,   .].

,   ,       . ,        ,      ,  :  ,   ,     ,         ,  ,        .     ,      .   -       ,      (   ,            ,        ).       :                   1951 ,       1956-,         ?      :      -      ?           ,     ?             ,     .

 ,      ,    ,    ,    .         , ,   ,         .             .       ,         .      ,     , : Medicine is now confronted with the task of enlarging its function. In a period of crisissuch as we are now experiencing, physicians must of necessity indulge in philosophy. The great sickness of our age is aimlessness, boredom, and lack of meaning and purpose[1 -      .   ,    ,     .    蠖  , ,      (.).   ,    , . .]. ,        ,   ,      .    ,          ,    -   .        .       ,        ,     ࠖ     .   ,        20%  ,     ,        ()    [5 - .; . 4Seite 326.],             . ,     ,        蠖       [6 -       .   87%  1500   ,   , ,     .   ,       ,        ,     .         .].   ,      -       ,    ,      .

   : ,        .   ,    ,    ,   .     ,    .  1946           .    ,      ,    . ,         . ,          .  ,  ,       ,  .      ,  ,       :        ,     .       ,          .   ,                 .      ,     ,     ,         . ,             - ,       ,                .          ,         堖     .        ,        --!  ࠖ  ,  頖    .

      ,    .        ,    蠖   ,           頖      . ,   ,   , ,  ,       ,            ,      .

        ,     .       ,      ,      .        ,     .     ,   ,     [7 -   1925.     :      ,                   .].      ,  ,      :     .        :   堖   .   ,  ,     ,  .           蠖     ,         .      - ,        .    ⠖ ,   ⠖ 40% ,        .  ,      ,   80%. ,    ,       ,     ,      ;    ,      .        ,    :   .   :    100     , ,         ,       .  , ,       .

      ?  ,     ,    .        , ࠖ    ࠖ   .        ,              .   :     ,    .

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           ,        .    ,   ,     ,               ,   [8 -    ,   ,           ,      .        ,         ,     ,      150 ⠖     . ,        ,   ,   ,       ,  -    .  ,   ,       ,  ,  -      (Das Ringen um Sinn [Logotherapie f?r den Laien], Paracelsus Verlag, Stuttgart 1973).     ,                 ,   :       ,           (W. von Baeyer Gesundheitsf?rsorge Gesundheitspolitik 7, 197, 1958).].        ,  ,     ,          ()  .          ,      ,       .      ,    ,      ,   .




I.   





   


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     .       ,    -  ,      ,     ,   -  ,  :          .      -  - ()       -    젖     .     ,      ,      ,  .

      ,        堖     [12 - Viktor E. Frankl. Das Menschenbild der Seelenheilkunde, Hippokrates-Verlag, Stuttgart 1959, S. 13.].         ,  , ,  , ,    .          , ,                   .

           .         ,     ,    ,   XIX ,     ?       :     .       ,    .    ,    렖 ,  :   "",   "".     ࠖ ࠖ ,   ,     . ,          ,     :   "",   "",  ߻  ߻   .

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   ,     ,        ,     ?[13 - .: V. E. Frankl. Zentralblatt f?r Psychotherapie 10, 33, 1938:      ,              " "   ""?      : "  ".     ,   ,             ,      .       ?      ,     ㅻ]   :            ,    ,  ,       ,       ?

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 ࠖ       ,      !    ,   20%       ,  . ,    ,   ,   ,      ,       ,     ,   ,          ,            .

    ,          .        .        .    : ,  ,    ,         .     ,       ,            ,     :      ,       .   ,   ,     !  ,   ,              :     .        :   ,         ,   [14 - Sigmund Freud. Briefe 18731939, Frankfurt am Main 1960, S. 429.].

            ,     20 .   100  , ,      , 25%            "",     .        (  )   ,  -      , ,          .   "", ,  .

   ,     ,      .             ,  .  ,       .         : The results of 1151 subjects consistently support Frankl's hypothesis that a new type of neurosis which he terms noogenic neurosis is present in the clinics alongside the conventional forms: There is evidence that we are in truth dealing with a new syndrome[2 -   1151         ࠖ  ,   ,     .   ,         (.).][15 - H.Crumbaugh and L. T. Maholick. The Psychometric Approach to Frankl's Concept of Noogenic Neurosis, Journal of Clinical Psychology 24, 74, 1968.].

   ,         ,         ,  ,        .

    ,      ,    ,             ( ),          ,      -  , ,    ,  .     ,   ,   ,       [16 - Arthur Burton. Death as a Contertransference, Psychoanalysis and the Psychoanalytic Review 49, 3, 1962 / 63.]              ?      ,     ,    ,  :    ,   , ,     ?

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  ,          .  ,   ,              ,    .           ,       -  ,             .         ,     ,     ,       .     : Medica mente non medicamentis[3 -  ,    (.).].

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    :    ,      ,   ,    ,    .    , ,   ,         :       .     ,             ,         ,     ,     ,    ,    .           ,   .            .

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          ,     ,         ,     .      ,         .      .       ,          ;    ,      ,   ,     ,        .    -        ,  ,         ,      ,            ,   .                    젖       . ,   ,  ,       :  -   .         ,     ,       .

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         ,           ,     .     ,      :           ,     ,      .      ( ,         )       [17 -      ,            .].

,     ,          . -    ,   ,    , .    ,       -.               .       ,            ,  ,      .      ,       ,         .

       :      [18 - .: V. E. Frankl. Anthropologische Grundlagen der Psychotherapie, Bern 1975, S. 109 ff.].           .        ,        ????????? ??? ???? ?????[4 -            (.-.).][19 - Metabasis eis allo genos:            (.  . I 1. 268b 1).].                  .




    


    ,          .          .       ,   ,         .        .   ,       ,     .     ,   ,   ,     .    terribles simplificateurs[5 -   (.).],      ,   , terribles gnralisateurs[6 -   (.).].      ,    ,          ,        .  ,            , ,  ,     ,  . ,   - ,          .       nihil ,      .

    (  )         -       .  furor analysandi[7 -   (.).],    5-     (, 1961)  , ,   ,  ,     .     .       ,                  . 젖  .        ,    -߻ (         -߻,       ).  ,    ,    ,    .         (       .    ).

 ,    ,   ,       .             .    ,     .         : Humans are not objects that exist as chairs or tables; they live, and if they find that their lives are reduced to the mere existence of chairs and tables, they commit suicide[8 -   ,    ;  ,   ,         ,    (.).]. (Main Currents in Modern Thought 19, 1962).    :       -        ,         ,         ,       ,        ,   堖  .              , at face value[9 -  ,  (.).],   ,        .        ,        ,      . ,      ⠖   ( )   a specialist in precisely those motives that cannot be taken at their face value[10 -      ,    at face value (.).] (Personality and Social Encounter, Beacon Press, Boston 1960, P. 103).          : To him religion is essentially a neurosis in the individual, a formula for personal escape. The father image lies at the root of the matter. One cannot therefore take the religious sentiment, when it exists in a personality, at its face[11 -       ,   .   堖  . ,      at face value (.).] (p. 104).    ,      : In a communication to the American Psychoanalytic Association, Kris points out that the attempt to restrict interpretations of motivation to the id aspect only "represents the older procedure". Modern concern with the ego does not confine itself to an analysis of defense mechanisms alone. Rather, it gives more respect to what he calls the "psychic surface"[12 -        ,        "" "   ".    ""       .    ,    " " (.).] (p. 103).

     ,    .    ,    ,       ,   ,     .         .     ,  :     . ,  -  , The individual loses his right to be believed[13 -     ,    (.).] (p. 96).       ,     .

    ,  ,              . (   , Erinnerungen an Sigmund Freud, Bern 1956, S. 19).        ,   !         ,       . ,   , ,     ,   .

     ,         ,     , ,          .     ,      :                .

      ,       ,           .       23   ,  ,     13,        .    :  23,     ,  16       ,      ;   13,      ,      ,    11    . ,  27     100%        , , ,             .     ,   




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notes









1


     .   ,    ,     .    蠖  , ,      (.).   ,    , . .




2


  1151         ࠖ  ,   ,     .   ,         (.).




3


 ,    (.).




4


           (.-.).




5


  (.).




6


  (.).




7


  (.).




8


  ,    ;  ,   ,         ,    (.).




9


 ,  (.).




10


     ,    at face value (.).




11


      ,   .   堖  . ,      at face value (.).




12


       ,        "" "   ".    ""       .    ,    " " (.).




13


    ,    (.).










1


  5-     (, 1961),      -  .




2


 ,   , :        ,      .




3


   , 堖      .




4


.: .   (Gesundheitsf?rsorge Gesundheitspolitik 7, 197, 1958):           ,      ,   ,       ,   .




5


.; . 4Seite 326.




6


      .   87%  1500   ,   , ,     .   ,       ,        ,     .         .




7


  1925.     :      ,                   .




8


   ,   ,           ,      .        ,         ,     ,      150 ⠖     . ,        ,   ,   ,       ,  -    .  ,   ,       ,  ,  -      (Das Ringen um Sinn [Logotherapie f?r den Laien], Paracelsus Verlag, Stuttgart 1973).

     ,                 ,   :       ,           (W. von Baeyer Gesundheitsf?rsorge Gesundheitspolitik 7, 197, 1958).




9


        ,          .




10


    :     !




11


      ,   ,     頖 ,     ,  .        ,           ,         .   ,         ,    ,  ,  (  ,   )   ,  .   ,      ,      ,     .                . ,   (Die geistige Entwicklung des Kindes, 4. Auflage, Jena, Gustav Fischer, 1924, S. 180),     ,   ʸ (Nachweis einfacher Strukturfunktionen beim Schimpansen und beim Haushuhn, Abh. Der Berl. Akad. d. Wiss. 1918, Phys.-math. Kl. Nr. 2), ,  ,    ,       ,    (S. 178).       .    A.  (Die Neuorientierung der Physik, Der Standpunkt, 9.5. 1952, S. 5):      ,         ,     ,    ,          ,                :  , ,    堖        腻           ,       .  ,   堖   ,    堖  ,     .      .         -   -,   ,  . ,      ,  ,  ..      ,    -,       .       .     ,         ,   . ,    ,    ,   ,      ,   ,   ,    .

  ,     : .             .   堖  ,      .      .     ,  ,  ,      ,     ,    ,   ,   堖  ,        .             .          ,        .




12


Viktor E. Frankl. Das Menschenbild der Seelenheilkunde, Hippokrates-Verlag, Stuttgart 1959, S. 13.




13


.: V. E. Frankl. Zentralblatt f?r Psychotherapie 10, 33, 1938:      ,              " "   ""?      : "  ".     ,   ,             ,      .       ?      ,     ㅻ




14


Sigmund Freud. Briefe 18731939, Frankfurt am Main 1960, S. 429.




15


H.Crumbaugh and L. T. Maholick. The Psychometric Approach to Frankl's Concept of Noogenic Neurosis, Journal of Clinical Psychology 24, 74, 1968.




16


Arthur Burton. Death as a Contertransference, Psychoanalysis and the Psychoanalytic Review 49, 3, 1962 / 63.




17


     ,            .




18


.: V. E. Frankl. Anthropologische Grundlagen der Psychotherapie, Bern 1975, S. 109 ff.




19


Metabasis eis allo genos:            (.  . I 1. 268b 1).


