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NOVOSIBIRSK NATIONAL RESEARCH STATE UNIVERSITY



SIBERIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION



KRAVETS I.A.



CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE: theory of judicial constitutional law and practice of judicial constitutional process

Textbook



Reviewers:

N.S. Bondar  doctor of Law, professor, honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, honored Worker of Science, the judge Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation;

V.S. Kurcheev  doctor of Law, professor, dean Law Firm Novosibirsk national research state University.



The textbook is designed to provide methodological materials for the academic discipline Constitutional Justice. The work describes the theoretical foundations of the judicial constitutional law and the legal, organizational and procedural framework for the implementation of the constitutional proceedings in view of innovations in the legal regulation and new materials of judicial practice.

The textbook is intended for students of all forms of education at the program 030900.62 Jurisprudence of state-legal profile of students and graduates as well as professionals working in the field of state and municipal government.



Keywords: Constitution, justice, constitutional review, judicial constitutionalism, interpretation of the Constitution, constitutional hermeneutics, judicial guarantees of the Constitution, general rules and stages of constitutional proceedings, decisions and legal opinions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

 Kravets I.A., 2017

 Ltd. Yustitsinform, 2017







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 I

  :  ,     





 1.1.     


- :

1.    (   12.12.1993) ( .  21.07.2014) //  -   http://www.pravo.gov.ru (http://www.pravo.gov.ru/), 01.08.2014

2.     :    21.07.1994  1- (.  08.06.2015) //  . 1994.  13. . 1447.



 :

1.  . .  . -   : . . 3- .   . : , 2011. 592 .

2.   :  / . . .. . 2- ., . . .: : -, 2015. 352 .

3.  ..  :  ,   . .: - .    , 2005. 675 .



    ()              ,     ,        .    .. , ,   ,      [1 -  ..  . -   : . . ., 2005. .17.].

      .. ,        ,   [2 -  ..    :    . ., 2014. .39.].

                     .     ()        ,      ,  -, -, -,  .        ,     .

               .

          .            .      ,       ,    .

         (rule of law).         ,     .      ,                .          ,       ,   Magna Carta 1215 ,   Bill of Rights 1689 ,     .[3 - Berman, Harold J. The Struggle for Law in Post-Soviet Russia // Western Rights? Post-Communist Application. /Ed. by A. Sajo. Kluwer, 1996. P.41  55.]           , ,         ,        .        , ,     .                ,  -      [4 -    (the Rule-of-Law ideal)          . Fallon Richard H. The rule of law as a concept in constitutional discourse // Columbia Law Review. January 1997. Vol.97. No.1. P.1.].

         ,      Rechtsstaat,      Etat de droit.        XVIIIXIX .     ,      .   XIX    ,  ,    ,        ,        [5 - .:     . ., 1868. .256.].    ,   ,    ,                    .        .           .              ,    :       ,      , ,           ,    [6 - - .   //   . /. . . . . .:    , 1994. .54.].

       ,      ,        .                [7 -  .   (  ): . . .: , 2001. .205.].

  rule of law       .          ,  ,        ,     ,    ,    .                .    .            [8 - Esquith, Stephen L. Toward a Democratic Rule of Law // Political Theory. Jun 1999. Vol. 27. Issue 3. P334-338; Reynolds, Noel B. Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law // Constitutionalism and Rights. /Ed. by Bryner G.C. and Reynolds N.B. -Provo, Utah: Brigham Young Univ.,1987. P.80.].

      ,     .             ,         .          ,          ,[9 -  .      //  .  . . . ., 1990. . 646647.]      ,   .           ,         ,         .    ,                ,      .

                .      . ,     ,  ,           [10 - Limbach Jutta. The Concept of the Supremacy of the Constitution // The Modern Law Review. 2001. Vol.64.  1. P1.].                .   ,      :

1)             ;

2)               ;

3)           -  ;

4)    ,     ,          ;

5)                [11 -  ..      //   . 2002.  7. . 1526.].

          ,    ,        ,   .             ,     .

                .           ,      ,        .                  ,               .

    1993 . (. 4. 2)            .    ..   .. ,        ,      , [12 -  ..,   .   : . 3- . ., 2002. .87.].      .          , . .                .       ,   ,         .          ,    1977   1978 ,              [13 -  ..,  ..  . -   . ., 1999. .47.].

       ,           - .

          ,    .                .                   - .

            .         (. 5. 125  )   .            ,     .         .   ,             ,        .         ,      - .   ,                  .      (. 1. 15)                   .           .            .      31  1995 .  ,         .[14 -      ( ,     6  2007   5,  16  2013 . 9   3  2015 . 9)            //    . 1996.  1.]                      .         ,    ,    ,    ,           .

    . 2  .  . 1. 15       ,         .                   ,    ,             .

  ,   ,  :

)     ,    ,                 ,  , ,       ;

)                              ,         ,     ;

 ,      ,       ,   .                     .

     XXI              ,         .            (     )    .     .           .              ,    .          ,      .

,   .. ,   ,          - ,        - ,      ,       [15 -    .   .  . . .. , ..   .. . ., 1999. .18. (  .. ).].   -     .     ,                  ,      - .

               -      ,  ,          .

      20-       ,                  .               . , ,   ,    ,   ,  . ,         .   ,   . ,     .   , ,           ,      .  , ,  ,  . ,    ,        [16 -  .    ( ).  1 //   . 2006.  8. .6.].

,  ,            ,       ,     .    ,        .

        .

     ,         .      ,      ,              ,        [17 -  ..      //   : . . ., 2000. .24.].

       ,                           ,     ,   .   ,  ,    ,    [18 -  ..,  ..     .     . ., 1998.-.108113.].   .. ,          -  ,  ,    - , . .  ,  ,      [19 -  ..       //   /  . . . . ., 2003. .83.].

  ..        : 1)   ; 2)    ; 3)    .    ,               [20 -  ..     :   . ., 2002. . 1213.].

          ,   ,     :    ,    ,    ,       .          (. 4)       ,         .      ,        ,    ()       .        ,          .2       16  1998        . 125, 126  127  [21 -  . 1998.  25. .3004.].



 :

1.      .

2.    :  ,    ?

3.       ?

4.          ?

5.              ( ,     6  2007 . 5,  16  2013 . 9   3  2015 . 9)           ?

6.            ,   ?

7.   ,       ?




 1.2.      


- :

1.    (   12.12.1993) ( .  21.07.2014) //  -   http://www.pravo.gov.ru (http://www.pravo.gov.ru/), 01.08.2014

2.     :    21.07.1994 N 1- (.  08.06.2015) //  . 1994.  13. . 1447.



 :

1.  ..         / .. . .: ; -, 2011. 544 .

2.  ..  . -   : . . 3- .   . : , 2011. 592 .

3.   :  / . . .. . 2- ., . . .: : -, 2015. 352 .



         .     ,     ,           ,        .

  .. ,             [22 -  ..  . ., 1998. .39.].

     -   -    ,    [23 -  ..  -  ( ):   ,     // -  . 1998.  2. .1844;  . . -   ,     //   . 2000.  4. .1525.].

            .       ,    [24 -  ..        . .: ; -, 2011;  ..     //     : . . / . .. , .. , .. . : - . -, 2010. . 46. . 58  59;  ..     :     //  . 2013. 8. . 46.].

     ,        .

         : 1)        (   ); 2)           (   ).

              .   :

1)      ( );

2)   ()         ;

3)   ,  

  ;

4)  ,    ,    [25 -   :  / . . .. . -2- ., . . .: : -, 2015. .25.].

         .     ,        (    ,  ,       ,   ).    ,          .

         ,    .            ,   .    ,   ,          [26 - Tushnet M. Understanding the non-legalized constitution // Law and Philosophy. 1998. Vol.17. P.193.].            .

          ,        .                    . ,                  .                 .

  (   )           .        ,       .              .   . . ,   ,            [27 -  ..  . -   : . . 3- .   . : , 2011. .151.].                .  ,                .



 :

1.    ,         ?

2.     ,  ,   ?

3.          ?

4.        ?

5.         ?

6.           ?

7.     ,    .

8.              ?

9.              ?




 1.3.    ( )     


- :

1.    (   12.12.1993) ( .  21.07.2014) //  -   http://www.pravo.gov.ru (http://www.pravo.gov.ru/), 01.08.2014

2.     :    21.07.1994 N 1- (.  08.06.2015) //  . 1994.  13. . 1447.



 :

1.     :    2- . . . / .. .: -, 2010. 672 .

2.  . .  . -   : . . 3- .   . : , 2011. 592 .

3.  . .   :     //   . 1998. 4/5. . 145155.



     (    )      ,                (,   . .)           ,     ,       ( ,  ,      .)   .

         -        [28 -  ..       -  //    . 1998.  1. .98103.].    ,   ,  ,        [29 - Pasquino Pasquale. Constitutional Adjudication and Democracy. Comparative Perspectives: USA, France, Italy // Ratio Juris. March 1998. Vol.11. No.1. P38.].

     ,   ,   ,            ,         .   ,              . ,   ,       ,      ,  ,     ,   [30 - Andrade G.F. Comparative Constitutional Law: Judicial Review // University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law. 2001. Vol.3. Number 3. P.977.].           .           ,            [31 - .: Waldron J. Judicial Review and the Conditions of Democracy // The Journal of Political Philosophy. 1998. Vol.6. Number 4. P335.].   .     .                .  ,     ,           ,           (   )      ,    [32 - .: Ibid. P.355.].

  ,     ,           .       ,  ,   ,   , , -, - ,          .               [33 -        (,   )      ,      -   . (.:  ..   //   . 1993.  4. .1018.)].          :   ,   ,   .        -    ,    ,     (     ).             .                  ,            .              ,                ,        ,      .

         ,     :   ;     90- .  ;     .

       ,           .     .               -  ,                [34 -         ,       ,  -  .    :       ,       ,      . (.:  ., - .    : . . . . . ., 1997. .2425)].          ,    ,      .           ,      ,      .  (Hans Kelsen)[35 -               :  .            //     :  . ., 1999. . 1341.].      :         ;      ;          .

       90- .            ,         [36 -         .:    . .: , 1991. .1718.].       ,    .       , -,   ,     ; -,   ; -,  ,      .

    ,   ,           ,     .  ,         ,  ()      .     ()     (       31  1996      [37 -  . 1997.  1. . 1.])    ,      85  ,      () .   2000     35       [38 - .:  . .       ()     //      ()    :    (, 24  1999 ). .:  , 2000. .13.].     . ,                         .          ,               ,          .      ,    ,    , . .        [39 -           .:  . .   //      .   . ., 1997;  . .,  . .    (-     ). , 1999. .278400;  . .       (   ). ., 1999.].

            .   . ,     ,       [40 -  .        //    . 1989.  1. .102.].               ,          - .             , ,       ,      .                ,   -    .

 ,          ,            (   )  21  1994      [41 -  . 1994.  13. . 1447.].

            :

1)     ;

2)     .

  .             XVII .      ,   ,         .            . ,   1610 ,     ,   ,   .          ,                   .

    .                  , , .

                  (,  , , , ),        ,             (,  , , ).

            ,  ,      .      ,            .           ,   ,           .  ,         ,          ,              .

     .

1)         ,   ,     .              ,      ,       (due process of law).     V (1791 .)  XIV (1868 .)    .

2)    , . .        ,  , . .   ,         .

3)      ,    .                .          .

4)     , . .          (inter partes)        .    ,      (null and void)             .            (erga omnes)[42 -  . .,  . .     . ., 1997. .224225.].

       . -,              . -,      ,         . -,           . -,              [43 -   . .  / . . . . . ., 2002. .92.].    .          .

    .    :

1)         ,               ;

2)        ;

3)     ,             ;

4)             ,    ,  ,    ;   ,  ,    ;

5)       , . .     ,       ;      ,               (erga omnes),    [44 - Cornelia V.F. The European model of constitutional review of legislation: Toward decentralization? // International Journal of Constitutional Law (I.CON). 2004. Vol.2.  3. P.463464.];

6)                    [45 - .:  . .,  . .     . ., 1998. .1920.].

 .          .                  .         ,        ,     .

 .               ,       (, )   () .

      ()    ,       .

           .

    ,  ,              .           ,      .

          .

             -  .     .

          .   .   :       (  ),    ,      ,     ,    [46 -  .   (  ). . . ., 2001. .238.].              ,           ,           .

              ,      ,     .     .

         .  ,      ,   ,     .      ,    .

   :    .       ,      -  (counter-majoritarian difficulty)[47 - Bickel M. Alexander. The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics. Second ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986. P16; Zurn F. Christopher. Deliberative democracy and constitutional review // Law and Philosophy. 2002. Vol.21. 4. P.468.].

            ,          .                ,          .       : -,      ,            ; -,  ,        ,         .

        ,    .          ,             [48 -  ..   :        //     .  . .14 / . . . . . : - . -, 2003. .108116.].

           -        ,   ,     ,  .        ,        [49 - .: Dworkin Ronald. Constitutionalism and Democracy // European Journal of Philosophy. 1995. Vol.3. Number 1. P.2.].

  .   ,     ,               .   ,         .   ,    ,          .

        :  ,        ,  ,       , , ,  ,        ,   . .   :    ,    ,    ?  ,      ?

     ,      .   ,     ,      ,         ,       .           .

              ,     ,         :     ,    [50 - .: Habermas J. On the Internal Relation between the Rule of Law and Democracy // European Journal of Philosophy. 1995. Vol.3. Number 1. P.12.].           :     ,     .                 ,       ,   ,    .     .             ;    ,        (domesticated)     .         ,       .  ,   . ,      ,          .        .   ,                , ,       ,       .        ,   . ,      .

              ,           .

          ,     .        ,      :    ,          ;       ,       ;       ,       ; , ,                .

   ,     .                ,           .  ,     ,         .                      .

            .               ,  ,     ,   .

 ,   ,           .         :

1)     ,    ,    ;

2)        ( ),       ;

3)       ( ),          .

            .        ,     ,  , ,           .  ,                         .

 ,         ,   . 3. 55  .    ,     . -,         ; ,    ,      ,  ,    . -,        , , ,      ,      .        ,    ,         . -,      ,        .                    ,      .

      ,    ,   :    .      ?                       ?          ,              ,    . ,           .

                .        ,    ,        .  ,                   .                      ,     .3 .55  .       .  ,      17  1995 [51 -   17  1995       . 12    9  1989        () (   20  1991 )  ,      ,         //  . 1995.  21. . 1976.]  20  1995 [52 -   20  1995           . 64        . .  //  . 1996.  1. . 54.].        15  2002 ,           .        17  55  ,  ,              .     ,       ,       -   ,      ,          [53 -   15  2002         . 64                . 92               . .  //  . 2002.  12, 22 .].

    , ,      ,    . ,    17  1998   ,                ,                   [54 -     17  1998           21  1995           //  . 1998.  48. . 5969.].

 ,         ,                   ,    . 3. 55  .    ,   ()             (. 1. 1 . 3. 55  ).  ,         ,         .             ,         .

      ()  . 3. 55                .  ,           .                   .

         ,       ,          .     ,          ,       .

      ,   .

          .   ,    ,     ,     ,   ,          .

          (reasonableness).

            1970- .      . ,               3b.

 ,         .                    [55 - .:  .    : . . ., 1998. .147.].

                    .

,            ,       . ,         ,              .               ,             .




 1.4.       :  ,      



- :

1.    (   12.12.1993) ( .  21.07.2014) //  -   http://www.pravo.gov.ru (http://www.pravo.gov.ru/), 01.08.2014

2.     :    21.07.1994 N 1- (.  08.06.2015) //  . 1994.  13. . 1447.



 :

1.  ..         / .. . .: ; -, 2011. 544 .

2.  . .  . -   : . . 3- .   . : , 2011. 592 .

3.   :  / . . . . . 2- ., . . .: : -, 2015. 352 .

4.  . .  :  ,   . .: - .    , 2005. 675 .




 1.    


       ,             .            ,   - ( ),      :   [56 - .: Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly. 1997. Vol.24. Number 2. -P.281664.].    ,     (     )   ,    interpretive methodologies,     .            .                      ,         .

    ,   ,       .         ,  , ,    - ,         .         , ,   ,         .   ,            .

             : , , , .         ,  ,    .     ,       . ,  ,           .      ,  ,       [57 - .:     . . .  .  . .. -. ., 1992. .4447.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/igor-kravec/konstitucionnoe-pravosudie-teoriya-sudebnogo-konstitucionnogo-prava-i-praktika-sudebnogo-konstitucionnogo-processa/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 ..  . -   : . . ., 2005. .17.




2


 ..    :    . ., 2014. .39.




3


Berman, Harold J. The Struggle for Law in Post-Soviet Russia // Western Rights? Post-Communist Application. /Ed. by A. Sajo. Kluwer, 1996. P.41  55.




4


   (the Rule-of-Law ideal)          . Fallon Richard H. The rule of law as a concept in constitutional discourse // Columbia Law Review. January 1997. Vol.97. No.1. P.1.




5


.:     . ., 1868. .256.




6


- .   //   . /. . . . . .:    , 1994. .54.




7


 .   (  ): . . .: , 2001. .205.




8


Esquith, Stephen L. Toward a Democratic Rule of Law // Political Theory. Jun 1999. Vol. 27. Issue 3. P334-338; Reynolds, Noel B. Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law // Constitutionalism and Rights. /Ed. by Bryner G.C. and Reynolds N.B. -Provo, Utah: Brigham Young Univ.,1987. P.80.




9


 .      //  .  . . . ., 1990. . 646647.




10


Limbach Jutta. The Concept of the Supremacy of the Constitution // The Modern Law Review. 2001. Vol.64.  1. P1.




11


 ..      //   . 2002.  7. . 1526.




12


 ..,   .   : . 3- . ., 2002. .87.




13


 ..,  ..  . -   . ., 1999. .47.




14


     ( ,     6  2007   5,  16  2013 . 9   3  2015 . 9)            //    . 1996.  1.




15


   .   .  . . .. , ..   .. . ., 1999. .18. (  .. ).




16


 .    ( ).  1 //   . 2006.  8. .6.




17


 ..      //   : . . ., 2000. .24.




18


 ..,  ..     .     . ., 1998.-.108113.




19


 ..       //   /  . . . . ., 2003. .83.




20


 ..     :   . ., 2002. . 1213.




21


 . 1998.  25. .3004.




22


 ..  . ., 1998. .39.




23


 ..  -  ( ):   ,     // -  . 1998.  2. .1844;  . . -   ,     //   . 2000.  4. .1525.




24


 ..        . .: ; -, 2011;  ..     //     : . . / . .. , .. , .. . : - . -, 2010. . 46. . 58  59;  ..     :     //  . 2013. 8. . 46.




25


  :  / . . .. . -2- ., . . .: : -, 2015. .25.




26


Tushnet M. Understanding the non-legalized constitution // Law and Philosophy. 1998. Vol.17. P.193.




27


 ..  . -   : . . 3- .   . : , 2011. .151.




28


 ..       -  //    . 1998.  1. .98103.




29


Pasquino Pasquale. Constitutional Adjudication and Democracy. Comparative Perspectives: USA, France, Italy // Ratio Juris. March 1998. Vol.11. No.1. P38.




30


Andrade G.F. Comparative Constitutional Law: Judicial Review // University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law. 2001. Vol.3. Number 3. P.977.




31


.: Waldron J. Judicial Review and the Conditions of Democracy // The Journal of Political Philosophy. 1998. Vol.6. Number 4. P335.




32


.: Ibid. P.355.




33


       (,   )      ,      -   . (.:  ..   //   . 1993.  4. .1018.)




34


        ,       ,  -  .    :       ,       ,      . (.:  ., - .    : . . . . . ., 1997. .2425)




35


              :  .            //     :  . ., 1999. . 1341.




36


        .:    . .: , 1991. .1718.




37


 . 1997.  1. . 1.




38


.:  . .       ()     //      ()    :    (, 24  1999 ). .:  , 2000. .13.




39


          .:  . .   //      .   . ., 1997;  . .,  . .    (-     ). , 1999. .278400;  . .       (   ). ., 1999.




40


 .        //    . 1989.  1. .102.




41


 . 1994.  13. . 1447.




42


 . .,  . .     . ., 1997. .224225.




43


  . .  / . . . . . ., 2002. .92.




44


Cornelia V.F. The European model of constitutional review of legislation: Toward decentralization? // International Journal of Constitutional Law (I.CON). 2004. Vol.2.  3. P.463464.




45


.:  . .,  . .     . ., 1998. .1920.




46


 .   (  ). . . ., 2001. .238.




47


Bickel M. Alexander. The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics. Second ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986. P16; Zurn F. Christopher. Deliberative democracy and constitutional review // Law and Philosophy. 2002. Vol.21. 4. P.468.




48


 ..   :        //     .  . .14 / . . . . . : - . -, 2003. .108116.




49


.: Dworkin Ronald. Constitutionalism and Democracy // European Journal of Philosophy. 1995. Vol.3. Number 1. P.2.




50


.: Habermas J. On the Internal Relation between the Rule of Law and Democracy // European Journal of Philosophy. 1995. Vol.3. Number 1. P.12.




51


  17  1995       . 12    9  1989        () (   20  1991 )  ,      ,         //  . 1995.  21. . 1976.




52


  20  1995           . 64        . .  //  . 1996.  1. . 54.




53


  15  2002         . 64                . 92               . .  //  . 2002.  12, 22 .




54


    17  1998           21  1995           //  . 1998.  48. . 5969.




55


.:  .    : . . ., 1998. .147.




56


.: Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly. 1997. Vol.24. Number 2. -P.281664.




57


.:     . . .  .  . .. -. ., 1992. .4447.


