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 The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 1997.

Published by arrangement with Harvard Business School Press.

 , .   , 2016



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* * *




 


        ,             ,       .      1989.,    ,  ,                    .     ,                 ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     .        ,     ,        ,    .

      ,   ,            ,     ,            .     ,  Disk/Trend Report,      .           .        ,       ,     . ,             .

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 1997








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      Sears . -           .       Sears   ,       .    ,  Sears Merchandise Group  1,3. . [ 1992.]   ,   1,7.  . ,  Sears      ,    ,       [2 - Zina Moukheiber. Our Competitive Advantage // Forbes, 1993, April 12, p. 59.].   : Sears  ,  ,              .   Sears        젖   . ,       Sears     [3 - Steve Weier. It's Not Over Until It's Over // Forbes, 1990, May 28, p. 58.].

,  Sears           1960-,            ,       ,     Sears   .  Sears           ,            Visa  MasterCard,  Sears     .

           .    . IBM     ,        -.      ,   ,       -.  -  Digital Equipment Corporation,     Data General, Prime, Wang, Hewlett-Packard  Nixdorf.    ,   ,      .   Apple Computer   Commodore, Tandy      IBM. Apple     ,       .   Apple,  IBM          .        :  蠖  Apollo, Sun  Silicon Graphics    .

,      Sears,              ,             .     Business Week  1986.:   Digital Equipment Corporation   蠖        .   ,    7,6. .,  ,       [4 - Business Week, 1986, March 24, p. 98.].    IBM  ,   .    , Digital          McKinsey,       In Search of Excellence[5 - Thomas J. Peters, Robert H. Waterman. In Search of Excellence. New York: Harper & Row, 1982.].

      DEC     . Digital Equipment Corporation    .   -⠖    ⠖  .  ,    , .          .              . DEC   ,                [6 - Business Week, 1994, May 9, p. 26.].

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           . ,     [8 -        .: Clayton M. Christensen. The Rigid Drive Industry: A History of Commercial and Technological Turbulence // Business History Review (67), 1993, Winter, pp. 531588.       ,   蠖          .   (     -    )    .].        ,        ,         .  ,     ,                  ,      . ,    ,        : -      ,       ,    .        :   ,           ,     .

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        IBM  19521956.  RAMAC ( Random Access Method for Accounting and Control),      ,  5     120 24- (60,9)  (. .1.2).      ,     ,     (  1961.)        Winchester (1973.),     IBM.  IBM, ,        .

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       ,    ,      .    1995.   18. .   1980-  PCM   ,  OEM :     75%  .  17 ,    1976.,       , , , Diablo, Ampex, Memorex, EMM  Control Data, ,   IBM,   ,  1995.       .        129 ,  109    .   IBM, Fujitsu, Hitachi  NEC,  ,     1996.,     1976.

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  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/kleyton-kristensen/dilemma-innovatora-kak-iz-za-novyh-tehnologiy-pogibaut-silnye-kompanii/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


John McDonald. Sears Makes It Look Easy // Fortune, 1964, May, pp. 120121.




2


Zina Moukheiber. Our Competitive Advantage // Forbes, 1993, April 12, p. 59.




3


Steve Weier. It's Not Over Until It's Over // Forbes, 1990, May 28, p. 58.




4


Business Week, 1986, March 24, p. 98.




5


Thomas J. Peters, Robert H. Waterman. In Search of Excellence. New York: Harper & Row, 1982.




6


Business Week, 1994, May 9, p. 26.




7


.: Jeffrey Pfeffer, Gerald R. Salancik. The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York: Harper & Row, 1978.




8


       .: Clayton M. Christensen. The Rigid Drive Industry: A History of Commercial and Technological Turbulence // Business History Review (67), 1993, Winter, pp. 531588.       ,   蠖          .   (     -    )    .


