     .       
  


           , ,       ,    .       ,            ,        ,      .      ,     ,    ,      ,   , ,   ,     - ,      .   ,      .





  

     .       








    - ,       . ,     ,      ,      , ,  ,       .            ,     .                    ,    ,     .              ,    ,  ,           .       ,      ,              ,      .   ,   ,      ,        ( ,   ,     ,       ,        ,   ,       ).

    ,    ,             ,  XXVII  ,     ,   .         ,    ,     .      ,      ,      ,     , , -  .

 , ,     ,      ,       .     ,                  XVII (--, , 1983)  XVIII (, 1988)   .         VII (, 1983)    ,    ,       VIII ,   1987           .




 I

    .   


   ,  ,       ,      .     ,     (,   ,   ),        () .        ,           .   ,   ,             ,   ,  ,  ,  .  ,          ,    ,  ,     , ,      . ,   -,     ,  ,   ,                ,    ,      ,   .                 (  ,   ),    ,   .        XIX.       ;              ,     . .              ,                ,          (  ,    ).  ,               (, , , , ),                 .

            . ,   . .    ,          ,  .             ,    .   ,    ,  . ,    ,    ,     ,      ,      (           )  ,  ,        ,    ,  .           -         (   ) .    ,       XIX  XX.    (   )    ,   ,      ,    .        ,     . .     ,      ,  ,          XX.      .

    ,       ,        ,    ,   ,      ,     . ,  ,  ,             ,        ,          .      ,     ,     ,   , ,        ,   ,  ,        [1 - :  . .      . ., 1966.].

         -,     .     ,  , . , ,  ,        ,            .      .           ,      ,   , ,    (  ) ,         .  ,                ,        ,        ,        .      (. , . , . )    ,         ,   .    . ,  ,               .   ,            ,   . .,           (. ).

        60-       ,   ,   ,        (  ,    . .)   .    ,     -      30- .     ,        (. . , . . , . . ).         ,  ,  ,         - .

             .   ,           ,    ,   ,   ,     .   , ,        ,        ,  ,    ,    (     )    ,       (, , , )      ,    ,   .    ,   ,   ,          .

 ,      ,    ,     ,    ,          ,    ,   ,   ,       . .,         ,   .         . ,   ,                 ,         .               .

      .    .       ,  ,       ,  . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . .    .     -        ,   ,      ,   ;              .          ,           ,             (, , ) .        ,     ,       ,   ,       ,           .           ,     ,      . .

     ,       ,        ,           .            ,  ,   . .        ,             ,     ,  .        -      ,   , ,    (    )      .  ,       ,  , . , .    . ,    ,     .    [2 -       ,  ,       .    .  , 1981, 10.] (         ,  1981  1982   ,           ).          ,   ,   ,         .         ,     ,    ,      ,              .       ,        ,       . ,         [3 -  . .   . . .  . 18, . 332.]    .                 ,         -  .


* * *

   ,     ,               ,     .         ,     .    . ,    .     ,   60- .     ,     .

  .       [4 - Kuhn . S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago. The University of Chicago Press. 1962; Second edition, enlarged: 1970; . .   . ., , 1975., 2- ., 1977., (  . .).],        ,    ,       ,        ,           ,         ,       [5 -  . .,  . .      .      (1977.), . 279.].  , ,                .    . ,         XIX  XX.   . .      .

  . .   . . ,    .    ,           ,             . ,  . ,              ,      ( , ,      ); ,   ,       ,           (  ,   ,    )                      ,             .    , ,                    Q       ,         ,      .

 ,   ,      ,         , .          [6 -  . .,  . .      .     (1977.), . 281.],  .. ,   ,       .         . ,       ,     .     ,  ,  ,   ,     . . ,  ,  .      ,    ,         [7 -  . .       . . .  , . 23, . 45.]. ,               .

   ,   . ,          .     - ( ,          ). ,      ,    .    ?     . .   . . ,       .      .       ,      ,        ,              .   ,  ,       ,  ,     ,     ,       ,      ,    ,                     .      ,        XIX  XX.,       ,     ,         ,      ,   . ,  ,   ,      ,    .        [8 - Kuhn . S. The Copernican Revolution. Cambridge, 1957.],      .         ,             .        .

    .   ,                 ,    .     ,      ,        (    )       ,   ,  ,    ,      .       ,   . ,   ,    ,  ,   ,    . ,               ,        ?

 . ,      ,     ,      ,        .        .   ,    ,        ,      .

      ,        [9 -   :  . .   . ., 1980;    XVII  XIX. ( . . .   . . . ., 1979;   .   . .   .  1979;     .   . .   . , 1981;     .   . .  ()  . ., 1983; Criticism and Growth of Knowledge. Ed. by I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave. Cambridge University Press, 1981; Scientific Revolutions. Ed. by I. Hacking. Oxford University Press, 1981; The Social Production of Scientific Knowledge. DordrechtBoston, 1977; Starnberger Studien I: Die Gesellschaftlichen Orientierung des Wissenschaftlichen Fortschrifts. Frankfurt a. M., 1978; Paradigms and Revolutions. Applications and Appraisals of Thomas Kuhn's Philosophy of Science, ed. by Gutting. University of Notre-Dame Press. Notre-Dam, Indiana, 1980.     (  .)        (. )    , 1978;  :   . 1980;  .   , 1981:],     ,       ,        ,       ,         ,  ,    ,      ,        (    ,      , ,  (  )  . .),            , ,  ,   [10 - ,          .        . .   . . .       : Benesch . The Art of the Re naissance in Northern Europe. Its Relation to the Contemporary Spiritual and Intellectual Movements. N. Y. 1965. .   . ., , 1973, (  . .).].   ,      (. , . , . . , . . ),          ,         ,   ,     ,     .

 ,      ,                 . . ,           ,                ,                    .           . ,  ,         ,    .   . ,       ,  . .  ,                 ,   ,      .  XVII  XVIII.          ,          ,     .            ,   .    ,     ,   ,         ,        ,  .

  .   ,   XX.   .     (       ,    ) .            .       ,      ,            :  ,   ,          ,  . ,       ,   ,    .  ,       .   ,              ,      ,        ,       ,       .     .   .    ,       ,   ,      ,       .    .   .         , ,        . ,           .      -  :           .    ,       ,  .           -          . .                  ,        ,         .   . ,           ,            [11 -  .,  . . . 23, . 103.].  ,          ,    ,  ,     ,  .           ,     ,  , : ,       ,       ,     ,     [12 -  , . 401.].

         .      ,     , , ,   . .         ,            (   ), ,      . .

 ,      , .       ,               ,   ,           .    . , ,  ,   ,          ,   ,            (, ),      (,     ),       .      ,         ,          .

 ,     ,      ,  .     ,        ,    ,           ,             .    .        .    .             ,        ,  . , ,  . ,        (,      ).

                , -.   . .  (1883-1938),    -   . ,   1931.       ,             ,    .   . . [13 - .:  . . -   . ., 1931; 1933.],      ,        ,   ,,    ,    .   . .     (          )    .      XVII.,           .   ,  ,       . ,      ,        ,       ,      (,   , ,    ),             [14 -  .    . ., 1983, . 17.].

             .      :         .  ,      1935.[15 - Fleck L. Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache: Einfuhrung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkolektiv, 1935,  Scwabe & Co Basel.],        50- . . , ,   ,  ,             . .            (      , ,            ,   ;     ;             ;   ,   XX. . .). . ,    .    ,    ,              ,     ,       ,  . . ,      ,      ,   , .                 .

       .   ,           . ,    ,        ,    .    ,  .       .   ,   . ,  . ,        . ,         .

     ,  ,       ,       ,   .   .  ,        ( )  ,            [16 - Merton R. . The Sociology of Scienses. Chicago and Boston, 1972. p. 14.].   ,   ,  -, ,     - ,     ,  ,  , ,    [17 - .:  H. .      .  .:      . ., 1985.].    -          :      -     ,   ,      . . ( ),    ,   ,      ( ,  )    , ,   ,  -    [18 - .:  . .    .  , 1985, 10, . 74.] ( ).

      ,           , ,    ,     ,       , ,         .          ,           ,           ,  ,   ,  ,   . ,      ,  ,   . .    ,          .  ,     ,         ,                          ,     ,   [19 -            .  . ., .,  . .   ()    .  , 1984, 3, . 125  133, . 171.].  ,       ,       ,      ,  ,   .      , ,      ,   ,     ,              ,    ,    ,    , , ,      [20 - ., .,   . .  . .  .:     . , 1981.].                .     ,      ,           , , , .       ,     ,        ,  -     ,        ,       ,   ,     .               ,    ,     .  ,     ,   ,     ,  ,         .         .  ,              ,      ,     ,   , ,    ,   ,     ,      .  ,           ,     ,      ,     ,  ,    ,     . ,           -  .

 ,      .  ,     ,      ,             ,   ,   .    ,           ,  ,     [21 - .:  . .   - .  .:      . ., , 1974, . 33.].

   ,   ,      (,   .) ,    ,   ,  ,        ,     (      ).

 ,   , ,      ,         ,      ,   .   ,          ,             ,        .         ,   ,   ,     . .      (     ,     . .)        ,   ,      ,    .

   , ,               ,   ,    .            ,       XVII XVIII.,      ,  , ,    . .  ,             ,    ,    [22 -   , ,   :  . .     .  .:      . 91  119; W. Van den Daele. The Socinl Construction of Science: Institualisation and Definition of Positive Science in Latter Half of Seventeenth Century. In: The Social Production of Scientific Krowlede. Oordrechi-Boston. 1977, p. 27-54.].

         ,          ,  ,    ,                   . ,                . ,  ,          ,   ,    -    ,[23 - .: Schnelle ., Baldamus W. Mystic Modern Science? Sociological Reflections on the Strange Survival of the Occult within the Rational Worldview. Zeilschrift fur Soziologie Jg. 7, Heft 3, August 1978, p.p. 251-266.]           ,       ,   ,   ,                  ,    .             ,        ,               [24 - Lindholm L. Is Realistic History of Science possible? A Hidden Inadequacy in History of Science. In: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 67, p. 183-184.].          (     ,    ,  ),      .                . . ,       . ,        ,       .      [25 - .: Mc Guire E., Rattansi P. M. Newton and the Pipes of Pan. Notes and Records of the Royal Society. Vol. 21 (1966), p. 108.].  ,         , ,      ,    . ,    . ,    .       .         ,    ,    . ,   ,  ,     .           ,         (,  , , ,     ,       )[26 - .: .,  . .     . ., 1979;  . .  . .. 1979.].

       ,        ,           .           .     -  .  .            ,   ,    ,                 ,  .          ,              .        (   )       XIX .

          ,      ,     ,           ,    ,     [27 - .: Barbur I. Paradigms in Science and Religion. In: Paradigms and Revolutions, p.p. 223-245; Vernon R. Politics as Metaphor: Cardinal Newman and Prolessor Ki;hn, ibid. p.p. 246-270.].    ,  ,            ,           ,     .          ,    ,      , ,   . .,      , ,    ,  ,   . .    , ,       .         .   ,         ,       . .,         ,   ,   ,    ,    ,      ,   , ,    (        ).              .

             ,        ,      .     ,              ,        ,      .           .   . .      ,     ,            [28 - Kuhn . The Copernican Revolution, p. 100.]    .         ,        ,  ,        .          ,    ,           , , ,     (    ),             .                 (. , . ,  ).

,           ,    .    ,         ,      ,    ,  ,    .                  .

       , , ,           ,  , ,     ,     .       ,  ,    , ,      ,        ,       ,    ,      . .  ,                ,     ,    .   ,                            .

       .           ,     ,   .                .  ,    .              .                .        ,    ,     ,        (    ),    ,       ,   .          ,        ,        .              , , ,                    . .           ,   .   ,       , ,      .

 ,           ,, , ,        ,         ,       .         ,     ,     ,   [29 - Toulmin S. Scientific Strategies and Historical Change. In: Boston Studies vol. XI (1974), p. 404.].   .

,                   ,        .        ,           ,   ,      ,     .         ,   ,       ,     .      ,     ,   ,  ,   ,     .

  ,     ,   ,                ,   ,   .      ,               ,    ,     .    (    )     ,      . :        :                      ?   :           ?        ?[30 - Toulmin S. Scientific Stra!cgies and Historical Change. In: Boston Studies vol. XI. p. 411.].

 ,        -.        ,   ,                -,         ,     .   , ,             . ,  ,   ,      ,    , ,  ;      , , ,     ,   ,       ( , )       .     ,      ,     -, ,  .

   , ,        -  ,           ,  ,    .     ,   ,    ,      ,    [31 - .:     . , 1981.].  -         ,     . ,            ,    ,   ,    .          ,   ,     ,     ,               ,     ,   ,      .

                   . .    . ,       , , ,    ,                ,      .   ,              ,            .  ,  ,       , ,    , ,    ,        ,   . . (   ,   XVII.,   ,  - ).

 ,     .  (   . )       , ,    ,    , . .      ,          ,     .     ,   ,       .   , ,          . ,      ,      ,    ,     ,        ( ,   ,,  , , ,   .. .)[32 - Feyerabend P. Against Method. Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge. In: Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. IV, (1970): Feyerabend P., How to defend Society Against Science. In: The Introductory RecorJirg in the Philosophy of Science. N. Y. 1980; (.: .     . ., , 1986).].

,  ,             ,               ,  :        ,  ,               (       , ,  ,     ).       , ,      ,  ,       .          ,                  ,     ,     ,     ,         , , ,  .   ,      ,       ,    ,    ,           .

     ,          ( )      , ,  ,      ,   ,   ,     ,   ,        ,      ,   ,      ,   ,     ,     . ,             ,   . ., (       ,   ,    ,         . .).             .       ,    , , ,    ,   ,     . .   ,   ,  ,       ,                 [33 - .:  . .   . ., 1975;  . .   . ., 1977.](        . ).   ,             ,         ,   ,     .   ,  ,   , ,              (, , ),         ,        ,       ,          (    )   ,   (   , ,          ,      ).  -  ,         ,         ,       .       ,       ,          ,             ,       .   ,             ,     ,     ,   .      ,      ,       ( )  ,       .       ,           ,         [34 - .: .,  . .  ,     .  .:   .   VIII      . , 1981, . 60.].        (,   . )      ,  ,              ,    [35 - .:          . (  . , 1983.  , 1985, 7, 8.].

       ,     ,    ,   ,           ,    ?      ,  ,   ,  ,      .   .        ,            ,   , ,   ,               ,     ,         .        ,       .  ,     ,    ,       .          ,      ,     .

     , ,       ,      ,   ,    .    ,    ,     ,               ,    , ,     ,  ,  , ,   [36 - .:  . .    .  .:       ;  . . -          ;  .;  . .     .  , 1985. 11.].  ,   . . ,  ,   , -  (      ,         ),    ,  - (       )[37 - .:     酠  , 1985, 8, . 79  80; .  . . .      .  .:       . , 1985.].         , ,      ,    . .

   ,                  ,            ,        .        ,     [38 - .; . .   . ., 1981.].  ,  , , ,       , - , ,   ,       (        ).

,  ,   ,       ,   ,       ,    ,  ,    .        ,       ,         ,   ,    .

         ,,  ,       ,     ,       ,    .       ,           ,    .  ,       ,     ,    .       .   ,       ,  ,  ,             .   ,      ,  ,      ,    ,      ,    ,       . ,        ,     ( ) ,        ,   ( ,   )     .

  ,   ,       ,   ,      , ,      ,           [39 -    , -, . . .  . .    (   )      軠   V    ,    ,  II, ., 1977.].  , , ,      ,   ,   ,    ,  ,     ,           ,      .   ,   ,    , ,    II  ,    ,      ,     , .            ,    ,     ,    . ,             [40 - .:  . .        . ., 1973.].

     ,     ,             ,   ,          .   II       ,      ,            ,    -,   ,    ,        [41 - .:  . .   . ., 1975.].

  ,   ,        . ,    ,          ,     ,      ,      ,      ,         .        ,              , ,       ,      ,      (      );       ,                     [42 - .:  . . -          .  .: -    .].

 ,   ,   ,  ,       ,         ,   ,   ,   ,       ,     ,       ,     :!!  .

 ,              .                 ,       ,      ,      .      ,       ,    .  ,              , , , ,     (   .     ),     ,     ,            ,     .

    ,  ,  ,         ,           ,   .   ,  ,                     ,      ()  .       ,     .             ,    ,         .  ,      ,      ,    . .         :   ,    .  ,     ,    ,    ,          ,      .

    ,   ,                .  . :       ,     ,      ,       ,           [43 -  .,  . ., . 13, . 7.].             ,      (     ,     ),   ,   ,   ,                    ,    ,     ,   ,    .            ,     (  )     ,   ,          . .    :        ,    ,       ,     ,              [44 -  .,  . ., . 13, . 7.].         ,   ,     ,     , , ,     -  - .          ,    ,        ,    ,   ,    ,        .     ,     ,    ,      - ,      (, , , )    [45 -  . .     .  .:     , . 94.].

         ,    ,    ,     ,    .     . :            ,  ]  [46 -  .,  . .,  .20, . 556.].        ,  ,   ,  ,    , .         ,   . . [47 -  . .    . ., 1984, . 9, 108.],     (  ,  - ) ,      .      (    ),    ,        (   ), ,   ,      ,  - ,          .

   ,           ,                       ,    , , ,      .        ,   ,      ,    [48 -  . .     .  .:     . , 1987, . 247.]. ,               ,      ,      ,   -   .     (     )    ,  ,     ,       ,               [49 -  . . , , . ., 1984, . 135.].        ,   ,      ,               ,     ,    ,    -      .  ,                       ,    [50 -  . .    , . 108  109.].


* * *

              ,  ,   ,         .  ,         ,       ,     .   ,   ,        ,    ,    ,     ,          ,    (,    ).

 ,      ,    . . ,  ,                    ,          [51 - .:          . (  )   , 1985, 7. . 72.] (, ,  -  ,       ).

        : )    ; )    (); )    (   ,   )[52 - .:  . .       .  .:     , . 11.].   . . , ,     (  )    : )  ,     ; )    ,          ; )   ,      (, )[53 - .:          , . 68  69.].

                 .   ,      ,          [54 -   :   . - . , 1983;       . ., , 1983;  . .        . , 1984;   .    . , 1985.],   ,         ,     ,   ,   .

  ,                 ,   . .        ,  ,        ,    ,     .      ,          ,       ,              .          ,    -      ()  -,  ( ),     ,   .             ,    .  ,        ,   ,     ,   ,    ,   ,    [55 - .:   . .      . .:       . ., , 1983 (), . 48.].

 ,        ,       ,        (  ,    ,      ),             ,      ,      [56 -  , . 44.].  ,     ,     (   )  (   ) ,   -[57 -  . .     - . .;   . , 1983, . 76.],  ,             ,  ,        ,     , , ,   ,     ,    [58 -  . .      , . 48.].   ,    , ,      ,    ,         ,     .

           ,      ,          ,                  , ,     ,       (   ,              ,    )[59 - .:  . .   .:  . .        .  , 1986, 8.].

  . . ,       ,       ( )    ,      (       )[60 -  . .     .  .:   . - . , 1979, . 215.].  ,         , ,    ,   ,   ,     ,       ,    ,   .  ,       ,   , ,            ,     [61 - .:  . .   , . 1679;  .:     .  .: :  , . 199  207.],        ,     ,        ; . .  ,         ,      ,    ,             [62 -  . .         .  .:     .     .   VIII      . ., 1982, . 16.]




  .


   .

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notes



1


:  . .      . ., 1966.




2


      ,  ,       .    .  , 1981, 10.




3


 . .   . . .  . 18, . 332.




4


Kuhn . S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago. The University of Chicago Press. 1962; Second edition, enlarged: 1970; . .   . ., , 1975., 2- ., 1977., (  . .).




5


 . .,  . .      .      (1977.), . 279.




6


 . .,  . .      .     (1977.), . 281.




7


 . .       . . .  , . 23, . 45.




8


Kuhn . S. The Copernican Revolution. Cambridge, 1957.




9


  :  . .   . ., 1980;    XVII  XIX. ( . . .   . . . ., 1979;   .   . .   .  1979;     .   . .   . , 1981;     .   . .  ()  . ., 1983; Criticism and Growth of Knowledge. Ed. by I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave. Cambridge University Press, 1981; Scientific Revolutions. Ed. by I. Hacking. Oxford University Press, 1981; The Social Production of Scientific Knowledge. DordrechtBoston, 1977; Starnberger Studien I: Die Gesellschaftlichen Orientierung des Wissenschaftlichen Fortschrifts. Frankfurt a. M., 1978; Paradigms and Revolutions. Applications and Appraisals of Thomas Kuhn's Philosophy of Science, ed. by Gutting. University of Notre-Dame Press. Notre-Dam, Indiana, 1980.     (  .)        (. )    , 1978;  :   . 1980;  .   , 1981:




10


,          .        . .   . . .       : Benesch . The Art of the Re naissance in Northern Europe. Its Relation to the Contemporary Spiritual and Intellectual Movements. N. Y. 1965. .   . ., , 1973, (  . .).




11


 .,  . . . 23, . 103.




12


 , . 401.




13


.:  . . -   . ., 1931; 1933.




14


 .    . ., 1983, . 17.




15


Fleck L. Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache: Einfuhrung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkolektiv, 1935,  Scwabe & Co Basel.




16


Merton R. . The Sociology of Scienses. Chicago and Boston, 1972. p. 14.




17


.:  H. .      .  .:      . ., 1985.




18


.:  . .    .  , 1985, 10, . 74.




19


           .  . ., .,  . .   ()    .  , 1984, 3, . 125  133, . 171.




20


., .,   . .  . .  .:     . , 1981.




21


.:  . .   - .  .:      . ., , 1974, . 33.




22


  , ,   :  . .     .  .:      . 91  119; W. Van den Daele. The Socinl Construction of Science: Institualisation and Definition of Positive Science in Latter Half of Seventeenth Century. In: The Social Production of Scientific Krowlede. Oordrechi-Boston. 1977, p. 27-54.




23


.: Schnelle ., Baldamus W. Mystic Modern Science? Sociological Reflections on the Strange Survival of the Occult within the Rational Worldview. Zeilschrift fur Soziologie Jg. 7, Heft 3, August 1978, p.p. 251-266.




24


Lindholm L. Is Realistic History of Science possible? A Hidden Inadequacy in History of Science. In: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 67, p. 183-184.




25


.: Mc Guire E., Rattansi P. M. Newton and the Pipes of Pan. Notes and Records of the Royal Society. Vol. 21 (1966), p. 108.




26


.: .,  . .     . ., 1979;  . .  . .. 1979.




27


.: Barbur I. Paradigms in Science and Religion. In: Paradigms and Revolutions, p.p. 223-245; Vernon R. Politics as Metaphor: Cardinal Newman and Prolessor Ki;hn, ibid. p.p. 246-270.




28


Kuhn . The Copernican Revolution, p. 100.




29


Toulmin S. Scientific Strategies and Historical Change. In: Boston Studies vol. XI (1974), p. 404.




30


Toulmin S. Scientific Stra!cgies and Historical Change. In: Boston Studies vol. XI. p. 411.




31


.:     . , 1981.




32


Feyerabend P. Against Method. Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge. In: Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. IV, (1970): Feyerabend P., How to defend Society Against Science. In: The Introductory RecorJirg in the Philosophy of Science. N. Y. 1980; (.: .     . ., , 1986).




33


.:  . .   . ., 1975;  . .   . ., 1977.




34


.: .,  . .  ,     .  .:   .   VIII      . , 1981, . 60.




35


.:          . (  . , 1983.  , 1985, 7, 8.




36


.:  . .    .  .:       ;  . . -          ;  .;  . .     .  , 1985. 11.




37


.:     酠  , 1985, 8, . 79  80; .  . . .      .  .:       . , 1985.




38


.; . .   . ., 1981.




39


   , -, . . .  . .    (   )      軠   V    ,    ,  II, ., 1977.




40


.:  . .        . ., 1973.




41


.:  . .   . ., 1975.




42


.:  . . -          .  .: -    .




43


 .,  . ., . 13, . 7.




44


 .,  . ., . 13, . 7.




45


 . .     .  .:     , . 94.




46


 .,  . .,  .20, . 556.




47


 . .    . ., 1984, . 9, 108.




48


 . .     .  .:     . , 1987, . 247.




49


 . . , , . ., 1984, . 135.




50


 . .    , . 108  109.




51


.:          . (  )   , 1985, 7. . 72.




52


.:  . .       .  .:     , . 11.




53


.:          , . 68  69.




54


  :   . - . , 1983;       . ., , 1983;  . .        . , 1984;   .    . , 1985.




55


.:   . .      . .:       . ., , 1983 (), . 48.




56


 , . 44.




57


 . .     - . .;   . , 1983, . 76.




58


 . .      , . 48.




59


.:  . .   .:  . .        .  , 1986, 8.




60


 . .     .  .:   . - . , 1979, . 215.




61


.:  . .   , . 1679;  .:     .  .: :  , . 199  207.




62


 . .         .  .:     .     .   VIII      . ., 1982, . 16.


