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        ?       ,      .  ,   ,        : ,       ,  ,         ,  ,    .              ,           .       ,            .

       ?     ,   ,   XXI         ,        .        ,        ,       .    ,    ,      - ,    ,          ,       ,      .  ,     ,          ,    -   ,      .                ,             ,           .



    

     

(, )

 2015 .




 


        ,      .           ,    1980-  ,   ,   -   ,   .  -                        .         ,                .

             ,           .  ,    ,         ,                 ,     1978-1979 . .                  ,        ,       .

     ,       ,       .         ,      - ,        ,      ,  .          ,      - ,            .           ,        ,  ,        ,           ,         ,     .         () ,             .                ,                      .

   ,   ,   ,          .  ,            ,     .  ,            2011 .,      -       ,       . ,   ,    ,             ,   2013 .     .  1960-70- .         ,       ,      .         ,                    .           ,   ,                           .

     ,     2012 .   .      ,             ,  ,     .

              ,     ,              .               ,        .       - (, )         ,          ,            .           ,      ,     ,  ,      ,       ,     .           ,     ,           ,        .                   ,        .



..  

 2015 .







  1978-1979 .         XX ,      -   .           -  ,     ,        .  ,          ,     ,      ,    ,             .

   1978-1979 .       -      40-70- . XX .,       -  : , ,   ..         ,       .            ,                .                     .  ,          .

            ,      .                     ,   ,        ,         .

          ,       - .     ,       1978-1979 .       ,  -,    ,              .

      1978-1979 . ,            ,           ,       ,         ,           .  ,        ,     ,     -.

      1978-1979 .    -  - ,   .              (. 1978),          .       1978-1979 .       -,        .

   (1920-1979)           1960-1970- .        ,          ,     . .          ,        .         :         ;     ;       ;    - ,             ,               .                .

              -         ,      .      .                ,      .      ,     ,                      .      ,    ,            - ,       .




 1

      (1920-1979)



  1978-1979 .         ,        ,    .              . .       ,                        .        ,         1960-1970- .    .      .              .       ,          - ,                . .




1.1.   .      (1920-1952)


   3  1920 . (13 - 1298 .   )    ,   70            .      ,         - .     -       -,        818 .,        -         .       ,          ,              ,    .   ,       ,          .

    ,       -,      ,     .

 1945 .     ,      -   .      ,       ,   ,        .       1939 .,         ,    ,        ,         .

  ,       ,            .       - ( ),    ,      [1 - -   - . , 1388. .58-59.].  1879 .         ,    .        ,      ,       .      ,      .

   ,    ,    ,        .     ,          ,                [2 -  . - - - - -    - - -   // - . 1380. 234. . 37-48.].

        : ,    ,        .       ,       .

  ,    (. 1870  1972),        1890- .           -  ,       ,        .             -.         .

 ,       -        .       ,      ,            ()[3 - -   - . , 1388. . 58-59.].     ,          (,  -  ),   .         ,       . ,   1925 . -           ,       ,        ( .-.  - , ),       [4 -  . .         ,      ,      . ,    ..   (  .. : - . . 2.).           ,       ,        - .                   -,  - ,        1905-1911 .        (Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutahhari: an Iranian theoretician of the Islamic state. P. 7). M. ,           ,          , ,        ,    ,             .         . .].

        ,      .        ,   .        ,        ,             .    ,        ,     .       :          ,   ,               ,      ,          .

      ,      ,      .    ,        ,    ,      ,         [5 - - -   -    - . URL: http: / / www.rahpouyan.com/vizhe / motahari ( : 13.05.2011).].               ,   ,      ,     .

  .      .    ,        ,           .                ,     ,          -,   1925 .   -  (1925-1941).

    .        .     ,      .    ,          .              ,       [6 -   - - . : - , 1377. . 31.].

 12  .   ,    ,   1932 .              (- ) ,       ,        ()    .                    .    ,         ,          ,    . , ,        ,      [7 -  . -   . : - , 1372. . 9.].

         ,         .   .    ,                ,    ,    .             (),         . .        ,        .      .          ,      .    ,      (     -  ,        ),                  .

 .             ,           ,     . .         :               -         -,         .    , ,         ,               ,        ,             ,       ,   ,         ,   ,          .       .      .        [8 -  . -   . : - , 1372. . 9.].

     (. 1935)      ,   ,       ,    ,      .      (-)   (. 1936)       ,   ,       ,     .

           .   . ,        ,       ()  [9 -   - -   - . URL: http://ostadhakim.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx ( : 21.05.2011).]. ,          ,      ,  ,   ,          .             ,              [10 -  ,       ,  ,   ,         :       .   1913 . ,          , , - , - ,  .. (  -,  - ). .:   - -   - . URL: http://ostadhakim. blogfa.com/post-2.aspx ( : 21.05.2011).].

  ,  ,       ,       (- ),   (,  . ).        () ( , -,    .)       .                 ,           -,   ,    -.              -    -  ( ),        ()   ,    ,  ,    ,       ().               ,    ,    ,          [11 - .: History of Islamic Philosophy / ed. S.H. Nasr, O. Leaman. Routledge History of World Philosophies. Vol. 1. London, 2007. 1211pp.].

      ,       ,             .         ,     (- )[12 -      1960- .          (. ),      ,            .  .. - . : - , 1383. . 159.],     (1886-1946),    - [13 -      1953 .     .   ,  ,          - .        , ,   ,    ( -).],   1950- .   -.     .            [14 - .         ,   .  ..         ,           (). (Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutahhari: an Iranian theoretician of the Islamic state. P. 7).].

     - ,      .            ,           .  ,                       .       ,            [15 - Banani A. The Modernization of Iran, 1921-1941. Stanford, 1961. P. 73.].     1934 .,    , -    ,       [16 -  P.M.   XX .  . ., 1994. . 148.]:     ,      .           .        ,      ,        .   1935 .         ,         ,             -.

             ,  (  )    ,         . .      ,         .    ,     ,        .

 .          ,            -,     .             [17 -     . . :  . - - -    - - -   // - . 1380. 233. . 107-120.].          :  ,   ,          ,                .   .       ,   .

        .     ,    .      .      ,         .             ,  .          ,           ().     (    )  ,    [18 -  . - - - - -    - - -   // - . 1380. 234. . 37-48.].

                :    ,  1314-1315 (1935-1936)     .   ,   ,       ,   ,  ,            ,     (). ,    ,       ,       .    ,      . ,   ,     .   ,    15  16 ,         ,    [19 - - - - . : - , 1369. . 21.].

       ,   1937 .                 (1870-1937)[20 - ..           .       .       , ,     1907 .,        .  1914 .   .  1916 .     .             -   1925 .  1926 .   ,   ,      .   1937 . .  ..    :    / - - - . 1386.].

 ,               . ,   ,    .            ,      XX    .  17-        .        , ,    ,     ,     .      ,  ,      ,   .

,          ,    ,   VIII .       .  IX .      ,          -         -   ,     .      ,    .   - -  XII . ,     , ,     [21 -  . - - . : - , - , 1386. . 168.].                 .           (,  ),             - - ( ),    ,  ,  [22 -  .. - - . : - , - , 1386. . 131.].

 XVIII . -              ,  -     .             -, , , , , ,   .

,   ,  20-30- . XX        ,      - (.  )      (1855-1936).     1915 1922 .                  ,         .       - -,     ,       .  1922 .      -    ,              .        ,         .

    ,   ,     ,     - (702/703-765)          [23 -  -, 60/215. .   .   -    // . 1377. 22. . 7.].   ,      ,     ,       [24 -  -, 60/216.].

 1920-30- .    .    ,     ,   -.         ,        .  ,           ,      (. , , ).           .                 ,            [25 -  . - . URL: www.rasekhoon.net/ article/show-24952.aspx ( : 12.05.2011).].

    ,          ,                 .            ,           ,      .           1960- .          ,   ,           .

.      1937 .         .            :    (. 1952),   -  (. 1953),     (. 1951).     -           .            ,                ,     . , , ,          ,            ( -).        (. 1946).

  .     15   ,        - ,   .        ,    .      . ,             ,           .             . .      ,           :     ,    ,   -- ,     -,    ,     ,     ,   ,    ,   - ,   [26 - . URL: http://www.rahpouyan.com/vizhe/motahari ( : 17.04.2008).].

              .   .

    .                    -,        ,      .         ,                   ,           . ,        ,         - [27 - Ustadi R. The Teachers of Imam Khumayni. URL: http:// www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.phpPicU1976 ( : 10.02.2008).].

 1942-1952 .     - ,     .                  ,     (    1944 .)      (    1946 .)[28 - Davari T.M. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutah-hari. P. 18.].

    , .             .         ,          . .         .           .  1944 .       (),       .           :

         ,    .              .  ,          .           ()          ().     (),           ,  ,       (  --),       ,    .   ,       ,           .                   ,   ,           .    - -  (  )[29 -  . -   . , 1372. . 9-10.].

          . ,        . . ,   ,       ,  , ,             .

       ,        ,     .         ,         .         :      (. 1925)     (. 1976),        (),      ().               (. 1950),      1928 .           ()    ()[30 - Imam Khomeini. Life, Thought and Legacy. Essays from an Islamic Movement Perspective. Kuala Lumpur, 2009. Pp. 24-25.].

         , ,   ,    .     .                  .                ,          [31 -  -. , 1360. . 6-7.]. ,  -      ,        . X.        ,                -       [32 - Algar ?. A Short Biography / Imam Khomeini. Life, Thought and Legacy. Essays from an Islamic Movement Perspective. Kuala Lumpur, 2009. Pp. 27-28.].

      1936 .  ,       ()     .         ()   ()  .                 ,    ,                       .  ,  1940- .       -    -       ,         .

.                 , ,      ,           .            .

        -,      1941 .  ,        (- ),       [33 -   .. . . 2. . 675.].        ,      ,         ,         ,      .     . ,     ,  ,   ..     .       ,      ,   ,    .

     ,          ,  - ,          ,        [34 - - - -  . . 1. , 1360. . 171173.].

       ,      1940- .          1946 .   - .        ,   1950- .       X. .               1960-70- .,      1978-1979 .

      ,      ,      ,       . ..          .                   1964 .     .

. ,   ,       ,    ,      ,     ,                ,      [35 - - - -  . . 1. , 1360. .171-173.].

.        ..   ,           ,        ,    [36 - Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutah-hari. P. 16.].       (. 1956)     . ,          :  1321 (1942)              ,      .  ,                  .     ,  ,    [37 - -   - - -  . . 1. , 1370. . 370-371.].   ,      , .         ( -)[38 - - . , 1385. . 15.].

   ,    . ,          - ( ),    ,             .   (. 661).  -໻        ,     .          ,      .

..       .   . ,  -       -,    -໅[39 -  .    -. : - , 1389. . 10.].            - ,    -,     -      .  .  ,  ..       (),    ()[40 -  .],         ,           [41 -   - - . : - , 1377. . 41-42.].

  ..   .  ,    -໠      , ,   ,    ,    [42 - Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutah-hari. P. 17.].            ,   ,    .     -    1940-50- .     -              .

        .          -,   1944-45 .       ,  ,      ,       ,    1937 .,    .  .

     (1875-1961)      - (..   ,     - )     1947-1961 [43 -       -  1946/1947 .     .]. X.          ,            .    ,        ,     -  ,           .       ,          ,      .            .            ,          ,          1950-60- .,    . ,  X. ,    .  ,     ,              .     ,          ,  X.     1961 .

                   . .         X.    ( -)      (1945-52 .).        () X. , .          .     X.       ,         ,  - ,          [44 -  . - - . . 191-211.].

  ,    ,   ,          ,    .        [45 - Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutah-hari. P. 18.]. , X. - ,           ,    ,      ..  ,   .   X.       ,         .   [46 - - X. -   - -  /   . : - , 1388. . 115-117.].

 ,       .      ,               (1892-1981).                        .       XX      -    .         :      (-   - ),         ;    magnum opus   -  ( );       - ( )   - ( );          -.               .   -  .. ,      .         .       ,       .

       X.   1946 . .       1949 .      ,                   (- -     ).

        :  29      ,              ,      ,     ,   .             ,                [47 -   - - .. . 39.].

  -  ( )     (  ) .    :             .                .               (  ).    -       .    ,     , -             .     ,  .           [48 - - . . 14.].

.         . .         .   1977 .    ,  .                    [49 - Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutah-hari. P. 29.].

      ,             ,     , ,    ,     ,     -      .                 -    .

      ,   [50 - . - . URL: http://m-motahari.com/ ba-khaterat/khaterat.asp ( : 24.04.2008).].  ,    ,       ,          -     ()   .         ,        [51 -                 ,      ,      ,     . ,             ,   , ,        ,  ,   ,   . Sedgwick . From Paris and Cairo to Tehran: Guenonian Traditionalism, the Iranian Revolution, and the Islamic Republic / Historians in Cairo / ed. by J.Edwards. Cairo: The American University of Cairo Press, 2002. Pp. 267-286.].

,  ..   ..         , ,         .         ,             ,        [52 -  1970- .       ,             (XVI-XVII .). .: -  - /  . . . , 1979.].    ,                     . .            ,         .       ,     . ,      ,               .

.           ,     1941 . -   ,      ,      .  1947 .    ..      ,  18 ,              .                 -   .         ,   .    .          [53 - - -   - . URL: http://www.motahari.org/about/others.htm ( : 13.05.2008).].

      .          . ..   ,   1949-1950 .,       .     ,    -   ,       ,     ,        [54 -         ,  ,     ( . ).      ,           -.].             . . ,   ,        (  .. )        ,    ()[55 -   - - . : - , 1377. . 9-11.].

   ,       (- )    .   ,   1940- .  ,     ,      ,       -  .        .     ,          1940- .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/i-gibadullin/murtaza-mutahhari-i-islamskaya-revoluciya-v-irane/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


-   - . , 1388. .58-59.




2


 . - - - - -    - - -   // - . 1380. 234. . 37-48.




3


-   - . , 1388. . 58-59.




4


 . .         ,      ,      . ,    ..   (  .. : - . . 2.).           ,       ,        - .                   -,  - ,        1905-1911 .        (Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutahhari: an Iranian theoretician of the Islamic state. P. 7). M. ,           ,          , ,        ,    ,             .         . .




5


- -   -    - . URL: http: / / www.rahpouyan.com/vizhe / motahari ( : 13.05.2011).




6


  - - . : - , 1377. . 31.




7


 . -   . : - , 1372. . 9.




8


 . -   . : - , 1372. . 9.




9


  - -   - . URL: http://ostadhakim.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx ( : 21.05.2011).




10


 ,       ,  ,   ,         :       .   1913 . ,          , , - , - ,  .. (  -,  - ). .:   - -   - . URL: http://ostadhakim. blogfa.com/post-2.aspx ( : 21.05.2011).




11


.: History of Islamic Philosophy / ed. S.H. Nasr, O. Leaman. Routledge History of World Philosophies. Vol. 1. London, 2007. 1211pp.




12


     1960- .          (. ),      ,            .  .. - . : - , 1383. . 159.




13


     1953 .     .   ,  ,          - .        , ,   ,    ( -).




14


.         ,   .  ..         ,           (). (Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutahhari: an Iranian theoretician of the Islamic state. P. 7).




15


Banani A. The Modernization of Iran, 1921-1941. Stanford, 1961. P. 73.




16


 P.M.   XX .  . ., 1994. . 148.




17


    . . :  . - - -    - - -   // - . 1380. 233. . 107-120.




18


 . - - - - -    - - -   // - . 1380. 234. . 37-48.




19


- - - . : - , 1369. . 21.




20


..           .       .       , ,     1907 .,        .  1914 .   .  1916 .     .             -   1925 .  1926 .   ,   ,      .   1937 . .  ..    :    / - - - . 1386.




21


 . - - . : - , - , 1386. . 168.




22


 .. - - . : - , - , 1386. . 131.




23


 -, 60/215. .   .   -    // . 1377. 22. . 7.




24


 -, 60/216.




25


 . - . URL: www.rasekhoon.net/ article/show-24952.aspx ( : 12.05.2011).




26


. URL: http://www.rahpouyan.com/vizhe/motahari ( : 17.04.2008).




27


Ustadi R. The Teachers of Imam Khumayni. URL: http:// www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.phpPicU1976 ( : 10.02.2008).




28


Davari T.M. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutah-hari. P. 18.




29


 . -   . , 1372. . 9-10.




30


Imam Khomeini. Life, Thought and Legacy. Essays from an Islamic Movement Perspective. Kuala Lumpur, 2009. Pp. 24-25.




31


 -. , 1360. . 6-7.




32


Algar ?. A Short Biography / Imam Khomeini. Life, Thought and Legacy. Essays from an Islamic Movement Perspective. Kuala Lumpur, 2009. Pp. 27-28.




33


  .. . . 2. . 675.




34


- - -  . . 1. , 1360. . 171173.




35


- - -  . . 1. , 1360. .171-173.




36


Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutah-hari. P. 16.




37


-   - - -  . . 1. , 1370. . 370-371.




38


- . , 1385. . 15.




39


 .    -. : - , 1389. . 10.




40


 .




41


  - - . : - , 1377. . 41-42.




42


Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutah-hari. P. 17.




43


      -  1946/1947 .     .




44


 . - - . . 191-211.




45


Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutah-hari. P. 18.




46


- X. -   - -  /   . : - , 1388. . 115-117.




47


  - - .. . 39.




48


- . . 14.




49


Davari .. The political thought of Ayatullah Murtaza Mutah-hari. P. 29.




50


. - . URL: http://m-motahari.com/ ba-khaterat/khaterat.asp ( : 24.04.2008).




51


                ,      ,      ,     . ,             ,   , ,        ,  ,   ,   . Sedgwick . From Paris and Cairo to Tehran: Guenonian Traditionalism, the Iranian Revolution, and the Islamic Republic / Historians in Cairo / ed. by J.Edwards. Cairo: The American University of Cairo Press, 2002. Pp. 267-286.




52


 1970- .       ,             (XVI-XVII .). .: -  - /  . . . , 1979.




53


- -   - . URL: http://www.motahari.org/about/others.htm ( : 13.05.2008).




54


        ,  ,     ( . ).      ,           -.




55


  - - . : - , 1377. . 9-11.


